Bunker Hill

375–78, 381–82. Forman in
DJW
writes of Warren witnessing Josiah Quincy Jr.’s last will and testament (p. 100). In his description of Dr. Thomas Young’s exit from Boston, Ray Raphael in
Founders
cites Young’s letter to Samuel Adams in which he describes his wife’s “terrors” (pp. 146–49). J. L. Bell outlines the shadowy circumstances surrounding William Molineux’s death in “A Bankruptcy in Boston, 1765,” in
Massachusetts Banker
, fourth quarter, 2008, p. 26. John Rowe describes Molineux as the “first leader of dirty matters” in an October 24 entry in his
Diary
, p. 286. In a letter of January 1, 1798, to “the Corresponding Secretary,” Paul Revere writes of his memories of Benjamin Church (pp. 106–12). John Boyle tells of the bells ringing in Boston to celebrate the return of the delegates from the Continental Congress on November 9, 1774, in his
Journal
, p. 381.
    Chapter Five— The Unnatural Contest
    On the taking of the powder and armaments at Portsmouth, see Elwin Page, “The King’s Powder, 1774,” pp. 83–92; Charles Parsons, “Capture of Fort William and Mary, December 14 and 15, 1774,” pp. 18–47; and Thomas Kehr’s “The Seizure of . . . Fort William and Henry,” http://nhssar.org/essays/FortConstitution.html. As David Hackett Fischer writes in
Paul Revere’s Ride
, “Revere’s intelligence was not entirely correct” (p. 54). Fischer rightly points out that the incident was an embarrassment to Gage. Ultimately, however, it may have worked in Gage’s favor in that the attack came to be perceived by many colonists as an overreaction given that Gage had not yet decided to send troops to Fort William and Mary. As Gage writes to Dartmouth on January 18, 1775, “We hear from New Hampshire that the people who were concerned in the rash action against Fort William and Mary . . . are terrified at what they have done, and only anxious to obtain pardon for their office” (
Correspondence
, p. 390). John Andrews writes of the extraction of Plymouth Rock in an October 6 letter in LJA, pp. 373–74; see also my
Mayflower
, pp. 350–51. William Hanna in
A History of Taunton
writes of how a flag with the slogan “Liberty and Union” was raised on a 112-foot liberty pole on Taunton Green on October 21, 1774, pp. 104–5. On Jesse Dunbar and the ox, see Justin Winsor’s
History of Duxbury
, pp. 123–46. Peter Oliver provides a stirring overview of the abuses suffered by the loyalists in the countryside in his
OPAR
, pp. 152–57. See also the article in
Rivington’s Gazette
, March 9, 1775. On Timothy Ruggles, see James Stark,
The Loyalists of Massachusetts
, pp. 225–29.
    For the Daniel Leonard–John Adams newspaper exchange during the winter of 1775, see
Tracts of the American Revolution
, edited by Merrill Jensen, pp. 277–349. Gage’s January 18, 1775, letter to Dartmouth is in
Correspondence
, p. 390; Gage writes of the encouraging developments in Marshfield in a January 27, 1775, letter, p. 391. Ray Raphael in
The First American Revolution
writes insightfully about the loss of momentum suffered by the patriots in the winter of 1775: “Once local Tories had been defeated, the patriots . . . began to show signs of division,” p. 187, and quotes from Ephraim Doolittle’s March 21, 1775, letter to John Hancock, p. 189. In a November 25, 1774, letter to Josiah Quincy Jr., James Lovell writes of how the fortifications at the Neck have been whitewashed and how “’tis boasted they are as strong as those of Gibraltar,” in
Memoir of Josiah Quincy
, pp. 478–79.
On Frederick Haldimand, see Alan French’s “General Haldimand in Boston,” MHS
Proceedings
, pp. 80–95. John Andrew provides a detailed account of Haldimand’s encounter with the coasting boys of Boston and Gage’s response in a January 29 letter in LJA, pp. 398–99. John Andrews reports that Gage’s own officers refer to him as “an old woman,” in a March 18 letter in LJA, p. 401; he writes of Gage’s coolness to the refugee loyalists in a November 19 letter, p. 386; he writes scathingly of the British marines in a December 30 letter, p. 392.
    Gage and Graves’s feuding over the marines is chronicled in
NDAR
, pp. 123–27; Gage’s March 6, 1775, letter to Graves complaining of how his naval blockade turned away provisions intended for the troops is also in
NDAR
, p. 128. A December 13, 1775, letter published in the January 17, 1776, issue of London’s
Morning Post and Daily