Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris

only 3,015 in 1928, the worst sales figures since the publication of the first edition
(RSA,
IIA, XXI).
    207 .
RSA,
IIA, XXI-XXII.
    208 .
RSA,
IIA, 182–7.
    209 .
RSA,
IIA, XXIII. In contrast, see Toland’s interpretation, which notably exaggerates the significance of the ‘Second Book’ as the point at which Hitler had ‘seen the light’ and ‘finally come to the realization that his two most urgent convictions – danger from Jews and Germany’s need for sufficient living space – were entwined’ (Toland, 230–32).
    210 . Full recognition of this was late in coming, and only followed the publication in 1969 of Jäckel’s study,
Hitlers Weltanschauung.
One of Hitler’s early biographers, Alan Bullock, subsequently recognized that he had been mistaken, in the first edition of
Hitler. A Study in Tyranny,
in playing down the importance of Hitler’s ideas (Ron Rosenbaum, ‘Explaining Hitler’, 50–70, here 67). Hitler’s ideology figures prominently in Bullock’s later work,
Hitler and Stalin. Parallel Lives,
London, 1991.
    211 . Tyrell,
Führer,
107–8; Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
267–8. The ban had first been lifted in the small state of Oldenburg on 22 May 1926.
    212 .
RSA,
II/1, 165–79; Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
268–9.
    213 . Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
269–75.
    214 .
RSA,
II/1, 179–81.
    215 . Heiden,
Hitler,
221.
    216 .
RSA,
II/1, 221 n.2.
    217 .
RSA,
II/1, 235, n.2.
    218 . BHStA, MA 102 137, RPvOB, HMB, 21 March 1927, S.3.
    219 . BHStA, MA 101 235/II, Pd. Mü., LB, 19 January 1928, S.11.
    220 . BHStA, MA 101 238/II, Pd. Nbg. – Fürth, LB, 22 November 1927. S.1, 4.
    221 . Tyrell,
Führer,
108 (Prussia, 29 September 1928; Anhalt, November 1928).
    222 . Tyrell,
Führer,
129–30, 163–4. The salute may, indeed, have been used sporadically (as Rudolf Heß claimed) as early as 1921, though he did not deny the likely influence from Fascist Italy. ‘Heil’ had long been used in the Schönerer Pan-German Movement and among Austrian as well as German youth groups as a mode of greeting before the turn of the century. (See Hamann, 347, 349; Klaus Vondung,
Magie und Manipulation. Ideologischer Kult und politische Religion des Nationalsozialismus,
Göttingen, 1971, 17; and also Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
181–2, for the Heil-Hitler greeting and the growing Führer cult in the party.)
    223 . Tyrell,
Führer,
163–4.
    224 . See Theodore Abel,
Why Hitler came into Power,
Cambridge, Mass. (1938), 1986, 73, for Heß’s eulogy of great leadership, claiming the need for a dictator, in a prize essay of 1921 written in a competition sponsored by a German-American on the ‘cause of the suffering of the German people’.
    225 . Tyrell,
Führer,
171.
    226 . Tyrell,
Führer,
169.
    227 . Tyrell,
Führer,
173.
    228 . Joseph Goebbels,
Die zweite Revolution. Briefe an Zeitgenossen,
Zwickau, n.d. (1926), 5 (trans., Ernest K. Bramsted,
Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda 1925–1945,
Michigan, 1965, 199).
    229 . Abel, 70.
    230 . Abel, 152–3.
    231 . Peter Merkl,
Political Violence under the Swastika,
Princeton, 1975, 106.
    232 . Tyrell,
Führer,
167; Hüttenberger,
Gauleiter,
19, for Dincklage.
    233 . Tyrell,
Führer,
186–8; and see Rüssel Lemmons,
Goebbels and Der Angriff,
Lexington, 1994, 23–4.
    234 .
RSA,
II/1, 309–11 (18 May 1927), and also 320–22 (25 May 1927); Orlow, i.106; Longerich,
Die braunen Bataillone,
64.
    235 . See Tyrell,
Führer,
147–8.
    236 . See Tyrell,
Führer,
388 and illustration 5.
    237 . Tyrell,
Führer,
145; Orlow, 1.96–7and n.86.
    238 . Albrecht Tyrell,
III. Reichsparteitag der NSDAP, 19–21. August
1927, Filmedition G122 des Instituts für den wissenschaftlichen Film, Ser.4 N0.4/G122, Göttingen, 1976, esp. 20–1, 23–5, 42–5. The attendance was lower than had been hoped.
    239 . Tyrell,
Führer,
149, 202–3. Dinter’s book,
Die Sünden wider die Zeit (Sinsagainst the Epoch),
had appeared in several hundred thousand copies since its publication in 1917, and was a best-seller in nationalist-racist circles. Dinter published his exchange of letters with Hitler in his journal
Geistchristentum
(Spiritual Christianity).
    240 . Tyrell,
Führer,
149, 208–10; Orlow, i.135–6, 143. Hitler had written in firm but conciliatory vein to Dinter in July, inviting him to discussions. Dinter had been summoned by telegram to the Party Leaders’ Conference in September, but had failed to turn up.
    241 . Tyrell,
Führer,
210–11.
    242 . Tyrell,
Führer,
203–5.
    243 .