Mayflower

spouse and remarriage…and I have seen a few instances in the six-week range.” On marriage in Puritan New England, see Horton Davies’s The Worship of the American Puritans, pp. 215–28. For an excellent account of the seasonal rhythms of the Indians’ lives, see the chapter “Seasons of Want and Plenty” in William Cronon’s Changes in the Land, pp. 34–53. On the historic importance of the Titicut or Taunton River to the Native Americans and English, see Henry Holt’s Salt Rivers of the Massachusetts Shore, pp. 14–16, as well as Michael Tougias’s A Taunton River Journey, pp. 1–19, and Alfred Lima’s The Taunton Heritage River Guide, pp. 18–30. On Miles Standish’s assertion that Sowams was “the garden of the Patent,” see John Martin’s Profits in the Wilderness, p. 80.
    Kathleen Bragdon discusses Native games of chance in Native People of Southern New England, pp. 222–23. Henry Martyn Dexter surmises that the fish Massasoit caught for Winslow and Hopkins were large striped bass, MR, p. 108, n. 354. Francis Billington’s discovery of the Billington Sea is described in MR, p. 44. Kathleen Bragdon writes of the pniese in Native People of Southern New England, pp. 214–15. John Seelye writes of Standish’s role as Joshua to Bradford’s Moses in Prophetic Waters, p. 123. Dexter identifies Corbitant’s headquarters as Gardner’s Neck in MR, p. 54, n. 379. As Neal Salisbury notes in Manitou and Providence, the only copy of the September 13, 1621, treaty appears in Nathaniel Morton’s New England’s Memorial, pp. 119–20. On the Pilgrims’ parochialism relative to the Puritans, see Seelye, Prophetic Waters, pp. 91, 120. On the Pilgrims’ First Thanksgiving, I am indebted to James Deetz and Patricia Deetz’s The Times of Their Lives, pp. 1–9; the Deetzes argue that instead of being what the Puritans would have considered a Thanksgiving, the celebration in 1621 was more in keeping with a secular harvest festival. For a contrasting view, see Jeremy Bangs’s “Thanksgiving on the Net: Bull and Cranberry Sauce,” www.SAIL1620.org. Bangs argues that even though the Pilgrims did not use the term themselves, the gathering was, in essence, a Thanksgiving. On the history of domesticated turkeys in the New and Old Worlds, I have relied on Keith Stavely and Kathleen Fitzgerald’s America’s Founding Food, pp. 161–62. On winter being the time to hunt turkeys, see William Wood’s New England Prospect: “Such as love turkey hunting must follow it in winter after a new fallen snow, when he may follow them by their tracks,” p. 51. On the changing colors of autumn leaves I have looked to “Fantasy, Facts and Fall Color” at www.agricul ture.purdue.edu/fnr/html/faculty/Chaney/FallColor.pdf. In 1675, in the days before the beginning of King Philip’s War, Metacom told the Quaker John Easton that “when the English first came their king’s father was as a great man and the English as a little child, [and] he constrained other Indians from wronging the English and gave them corn and showed them how to plant and was free to do them any good and had let them have a 100 times more land, than now the king had for his own people,” “John Easton’s Relation,” in Narratives of the Indian Wars, edited by Charles Lincoln, p. 10.
    CHAPTER EIGHT- The Wall
    My account of the arrival of the Fortune is based on OPP, pp. 90–126, and MR, pp. 84–96. On how the arrival of the Fortune affected the demographics of Plymouth, I have relied on the analysis of John Navin in Plymouth Plantation, pp. 397–98. A portion of Robert Cushman’s sermon “The Sin of Self-Love” appears in the notes of Ford’s edition of OPP, vol. 1, pp. 235–36. Unless otherwise indicated, my account of the Narragansett challenge and the other events chronicled in this chapter is based on OPP, pp. 96–115, and Edward Winslow’s GNNE, pp. 7–24. My description of the wall the Pilgrims built around the settlement is based, in part, on Emmanuel Altham’s September 1623 letter, reprinted in Three Visitors to Early Plymouth¸ edited by Sydney James Jr., p. 24; in 1624 John Smith wrote, “The town is impaled about half a mile in compass,” in notes to Emmanuel Altham’s March 1624 letter in Three Visitors, p. 37. For