Mayflower

to Nipmuck country, pp. 87–93; see also Increase Mather’s HKPW, p. 65. The best source on the encounter at Nipsachuck is Nathaniel Thomas’s August 10, 1675, letter reprinted in the appendix of HKPW, pp. 227–33. In a July 3, 1675, letter Tobias Sanders informed Major Fitz-John Winthrop that Mohegan sachem Uncas had been “in counsel with Philip’s messengers three days together in the woods privately and received of them peag [wampum] and coats,” MHS Collections, 5th ser., vol. 1, p. 427. The Praying Indian George Memicho recounts the condition of Philip and his people when they arrived at Menameset on August 5, 1675, in testimony reprinted in Temple’s History of North Brookfield; Memicho reports “that Philip said, if the English had charged upon him and his people at the swamp in his own country one or two days more they had been all taken, for their powder was almost spent; he also said that if the English had pursued him closely [at Nipsachuck], as he traveled up to them, he must needs have been taken,” pp. 100–101; Memicho also tells of how the Nipmuck sachems accepted Philip’s wampum. Saltonstall in OIC speaks of Philip’s coat of wampum, p. 154. Hubbard writes of how Philip succeeded in “kindling the flame of war” in HIWNE, p. 91.
    CHAPTER FOURTEEN- The God of Armies
    On the attack at Brookfield, see Hubbard in HIWNE, pp. 98–104; Increase Mather in HKPW, pp. 76–70; and Thomas Wheeler’s Narrative of the attack in So Dreadfull a Judgment, edited by Richard Slotkin and James Folsom, pp. 243–57. Hubbard in HIWNE tells of the battle of South Deerfield, pp. 109–110. Saltonstall in OIC tells of the powwows’ prediction after the hurricane on August 29, 1675, p. 158. A letter quoted in Increase Mather’s HKPW describes the sins ( “intolerable pride in clothes and hair,” etc.) of which New England was guilty, p. 83; Hubbard speaks of the “most fatal day” at Bloody Brook in HIWNE, pp. 113–17; he also describes Moseley’s subsequent battle with the Indians, pp. 117–19. Daniel Gookin was particularly outspoken concerning the outrages Moseley committed against the Indians in Doings and Sufferings of the Christian Indians, pp. 455, 464; George Bodge reprints the October 16, 1675, letter in which Moseley adds the postscript: “This aforesaid Indian was ordered to be torn in pieces by dogs” in Soldiers in King Philip’s War, p. 69. John Pynchon’s October 5, 1675, letter describing the attack on Springfield appears in the appendix of HKPW, pp. 244–45. Hubbard describes the Indians as “children of the devil” in HIWNE, p. 123. Gookin tells how “submissively and Christianly and affectionately” the Praying Indians conducted themselves as they were transported to Deer Island on October 20, 1675, in Doings and Sufferings of the Christian Indians, p. 474.
    The proposal to build a defensive wall around the core settlements of Massachusetts is mentioned by Douglas Leach in Flintlock and Tomahawk, pp. 165–66. Ellis and Morris in King Philip’s War write of the traditions that sprang up in the Connecticut River valley concerning Philip’s activities during the fall of 1675 and add, “but his hand is hard to trace in the warfare of the valley,” p. 96. J. R. Temple in the History of North Brookfield insists that the Nipmucks were the dominant Native force throughout the war: “There is more reason for calling the conflict of 1675–6 a Quabaug and Nashaway War, than King Philip’s War. Philip’s power was broken at the outset. The Wampanoags, his own tribe, deserted him…. The Quabaug Alliance heartily espoused, and never deserted thecause, till it became hopeless,” p. 99. James Quanapohit provides the best information we have concerning Philip’s activities in the fall and winter of 1675–76; according to James, “a chief captain of [the] Hadley and Northampton Indians who was a valiant man…had attempted to kill Philip and intended to do it; alleging that Philip had begun a war with the English that had brought great trouble upon them,” reprinted in Temple’s History of North Brookfield, pp. 114–15. Mary Pray’s October 20, 1675, letter to Massachusetts authorities urging that action be taken against the Narragansetts is in MHS Collections, 5th ser., vol. 1, pp. 105–8. Increase