Modern Mind

University Press, 1997; Penguin paperback 1998, page 69. See also: MacDougall, Op.
cit.,
page 158.
    20. For a traditional view of dinosaur extinction, see: Björn Kurtén,
The Age of the Dinosaurs,
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968, pages 211ff.
    21. Alvarez, Op.
cit.,
pages 92–93.
    22.
Ibid.,
pages 109ff.
    23.
Ibid.,
pages 123ff.
    24. MacDougall,
Op. cit.,
page 160; and see chart of marine extinctions on page 162.
    25. Alvarez,
Op. cit.,
page 133.
    26. Tattersall,
The Fossil Trail, Op. cit.,
pages 187— 188.
    27. Donald Johanson and James Shreeve,
Lucy’s Child: The Discovery of a Human Ancestor,
New York: Viking, 1990, pages 201ff.
    28. E. S. Vrba, ‘Ecological and adaptive changes associated with early hominid evolution,’ in E. Delson (editor),
Ancestors: The Hard Evidence,
New York: Alan Liss, 1988, pages 63–71; and: E. S. Vrba, ‘Late Pleistocene climatic events and hominid evolution,’ in F. E. Grine (editor),
Evolutionary History of the ‘Robust’ Australopithecines,
New York: Adine de Gruyter, 1988, pages 405–426.
    29. Tattersall, Op.
cit.,
page 197.
    30. Christopher Stringer and Clive Gamble,
In Search of the Neanderthals,
London: Thames & Hudson, 1993, pages 152–154. These interpretations in the latter part of this paragraph are doubted in many quarters.
    31. Tattersall, Op.
cit.,
chapter 15: ‘The cave man vanishes’, pages 199ff.
    32. Bodmer and McKie, Op.
cit.,
pages 218 and 232–233.
    33. Brian M. Fagan,
The Journey from Eden: The Peopling of Our World,
London: Thames & Hudson, 1990, pages 27–28. Bodmer and McKie,
Op. cit.,
pages 218–219.
    34. Colin Renfrew,
Archaeology and Language,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1987, pages 9–13.
    35. J. H. Greenberg,
Language in the Americas,
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1986.
    36. Brian M. Fagan,
The Great Journey: The Peopling of Ancient America,
London and New York: Thames & Hudson, 1987, page 186.
    37. See especially: Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza,
The Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity and Evolution,
New York: Helix/Addison Wesley, 1995 (first published in Italy by Arnaldo Mondadori Editore Spa, 1993), pages 156–157.
    38.
Ibid.,
page 187.
    39.
Ibid.,
page 185; and see a second candidate in the chart on page 186.
    40.
Renfrew, Archaeology and Language, Op. cit., page 205.
    41. Paul Johnson,
Daily Mail
(London).
    42. E. O. Wilson,
On Human Nature,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1978, page 167.
    43.
Ibid.,
page 2.
    44.
Ibid.,
page 137; and see also the charts on page 90.
    45. E. O. Wilson,
Biophilia,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1984.
    46. Stephen R. Kellert and E. O. Wilson (editors),
The Biophilia Hypothesis,
Washington DC : Island Press, 1993, page 237. See also: James Lovelock,
Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979; paperback 1982 and
    47. Richard Dawkins,
The Blind Watchmaker,
London: Longman, 1986; Penguin 1988.
    48.
Ibid.,
page 90.
    49.
Ibid.,
page 158.
    50.
Daniel Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, Op. cit., page 21.
    51.
Ibid.,
page 82.
    52.
Stuart Kauffman, The Origins of Order: Self-Organisation and Selection, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
    53.
Ibid.,
page 220.
    54. John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry,
The Major Transitions in Evolution,
Oxford, New York and Heidelberg: W. H. Freeman/Spektrum, 1995.
    55. Steven Pinker,
The Language Instinct,
New York: Morrow, 1994; Penguin 1995.
    56.
Ibid.,
page 301.
    57. N. Eldredge and S.J. Gould, ‘Punctuated equilibrium: an alternative to phyletic gradualism,’ in T. J. M. Schopf (editor),
Models in Palaeobiology,
San Francisco: Freeman Cooper, 1972, pages 82–115. See also: N. Eldredge,
Reinventing Darwin,
New York: John Wiley, 1995, pages 93ff, where the debate is updated.
    58. S.J. Gould and R. C. Lewontin, ‘The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme’,
Proceedings of the Royal Society,
volume B205, 1979 pages 581–598.
    59. S.J. Gould,
Wonderful Life,
London: Hutchinson Radius, 1989.
    60.
Simon Conway Morris, The Crucible of Creation: The Burgess Shale and the Rise of Animals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
    61.
S.J. Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, Op. cit.
    62. Steven Rose, Leon Kamin and R. C. Lewontin,
Not in Our Genes, Op. cit.
    63. R. C. Lewontin,
The Doctrine of DNA: Biology as Ideology,
Toronto: Anansi Press, 1991; Penguin, 1993, pages 73–74.
    64.
Richard J.