Modern Mind

Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, Glencoe: The Free Press, 1994.
    65. See also: Bernie Devlin, Stephen E. Fienberg, Daniel P. Resnick and Kathryn Roeder (editors),
Intelligence, Genes and Success: Scientists Respond to The Bell Curve,
New York: Copernicus, 1997, page 22.
    66.
Ibid.,
pages 269ff.
    67.
Ibid.,
pages 167ff.
    68. Herrnstein and Murray,
Op. cit.,
page 525.
    69.
Ibid.,
page 444.
    70.
Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, Op. cit., page 375.
    71. Robert Cook-Deegan,
The Gene Wars, Op. cit.,
page 110.
    72. Bodmer and McKie,
Op. cit.,
page 320.
    73. Cook-Deegan, Op.
cit.,
page 286.
    74.
Ibid.,
page 339.
    75. Francis Crick,
The Astonishing Hypothesis,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
    76.
John Maddox, What Remains to be Discovered, Op. cit., page 306.
    77. John Cornwell (editor),
Consciousness and Human Identity,
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, page vi.
    78.
Ibid.,
page vii.
    79.
Ibid.
    80. J. R. Searle,
The Mystery of Consciousness,
London: Granta, 1997, pages 95ff.
    81. J. R. Searle,
The Rediscovery of the Mind,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1992; and Cornwell (editor),
Op. cit.,
page 33.
    82.
Roger Penrose, Shallows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
    83.
Searle, The Mystery of Consciousness, Op. cit., pages 53ff.
    84.
Ibid.,
page 87.
    85. Cornwell (editor),
Op. cit.,
pages 11–12.
    86. Robert Wright,
The Moral Animal,
New York: Pantheon, 1994, page 321.
    87. Olaf Sporns, ‘Biological variability and brain function,’ in Cornwell (editor),
Op. cit.,
pages 38–53.

CHAPTER 40: THE EMPIRE WRITES BACK
    1.
Marcus Cunliffe (editor), American Literature since 1900, Op. cit., page 373.
    2. Cunliffe (editor).
Op. cit.,
page 377.
    3.
Ibid.,
page 378.
    4.
Ibid.,
page 373.
    5. Richard Hofstadter,
Anti-Intellectualism in American Life,
New York: Knopf, 1963; quoted in Cunliffe (editor),
Op. cit.,
page 386.
    6. Toni Morrison, all titles published in London by Chatto & Windus. And see also: Malcolm Bradbury,
The Modern American Novel,
Oxford and New York, 1983, 2nd edition, 1992, page 279.
    7. Nancy J. Peterson (editor),
Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches,
Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins Press, 1997.
    8. Alice Walker,
The Color Purple,
New York: Harcourt Brace, 1982. Bradbury,
The Modem American Novel, Op. cit.
, page 280.
    9. Michael Awkward,
Inspiriting Influences: tradition, revision and Afro-American women’s novels,
New York: Columbia University Press, 1989. See also: David Crystal,
English as a Global Language,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, page 139.
    10. Crystal,
Op. cit.,
page 130.
    11.
Ibid.
    12.
Jean Franco, The Modem Culture of Latin America: Society and the Artist, London: Pall Mall, 1967; Penguin 1970, page 198.
    13. Gabriel Vargas Llosa,
The City and the Dogs,
translated into English as:
The Time of the Hero,
New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
    14. Gabriel Vargas Llosa,
The Green House,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1969.
    15.
Keith Booker, Vargas-Llosa among the Post-Modemists,
Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 1994.
    16. Gerald Martin,
Journeys through the Labyrinth,
London: Verso, 1989, page 218.
    17. Gabriel García Márquez,
One Hundred Years of Solitude,
published in Spanish 1967, London: Jonathan Cape, 1970; Penguin 1973.
    18. D. P. Gallagher,
Modem Latin American Literature,
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1973, page 150.
    19.
Ibid.,
pages 145–150.
    20. Carlos Fuentes,
La nueva novela hispanoamericana,
Mexico City: Joanna Mortiz, 1969; quoted in David W. and Virginia R. Foster (editors),
Modem Latin American Literature,
New York: Frederick Ungar, 1975, pages 380–381.
    21. R. K. Narayan,
The Sweet Vendor,
London: The Bodley Head, 1967. See also: William Walsh, “India and the Novel,’ in Boris Ford (editor),
From Orwell to Naipaul,
Penguin, 1983, pages 238–240.
    22. Anita Desai,
The Village by the Sea,
London: Heinemann, 1982; Penguin 1984.
    23. Anita Desai,
In Custody,
London: Heinemann, 1984.
    24. Salman Rushdie,
Midnight’s Children,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1982; and
The Satanic Verses,
London: Viking, 1988. Catherine Cundy,
Salman Rushdie,
Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1996, pages 34ff.
    25. Malise Ruthven,
A Satanic Affair: Salman Rushdie and the Rape of Islam,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1990, page 15. His book is the main source