Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

Sentinel , November 8, 1951.
    236  “saw one of them move”: Stetson Kennedy Papers, Georgia State University, Special Collections Department.
    237  “You have pissed in my whiskey”: Author interview with Stetson Kennedy, December 7, 2009.
    237  “One of them has a pulse”: Green, Before His Time , p. 138.
    237  “friends of Sheriff Willis V. McCall”: New York Post , November 10, 1951.
    237  “extreme shock”: Lake County Medical Center, report of Dr. R. H. Williams, FBI 44-267.
    237  “a batch of the sheriff’s hair”: FBI 44-267.
    238  “I’m just happy to be here”: Orlando Morning Sentinel , November 8, 1951.
    238  “I expect I’ll get”: Tampa Morning Tribune , November 9, 1951.
    238  “Please give me a truthful answer”: New Leader , November 19, 1951.
    239  “Visibly shaken”: Orlando Morning Sentinel , November 8, 1951.
    239  “Guess what. McCall’s”: FHW Papers, Chesley.
    239  “Mabel,” he’d said: Green, Before His Time , p. 141.
    Chapter 16: It’s a Funny Thing
    240  “This is what human rights means”: New York Times , November 9, 1951.
    241  “the shooting of”: St. Peterburg Times , November 8, 1951.
    241  “primitive mobile crime lab”: Green, Before His Time , p. 141.
    241  “check all angles”: New York Times , November 8, 1951.
    241  “Well, boys, I’m here”: Tampa Tribune , November 9, 1951.
    241  “court-appointed elisor”: St. Petersburg Times , November 8, 1951.
    241  and a “special nurse”: Crisis , December 1951.
    242  “This was the first time”: FHW Papers, Chesley.
    242  “No one’s going to hurt you”: Miami Herald , November 9, 1951. Also Stetson Kennedy Papers, Georgia State University, Special Collections Department. Walter Irvin’s version of the shooting is derived from his interview with lawyers at Waterman Memorial Hospital on November 8, 1951.
    245  “We sincerely hope the good people”: St. Petersburg Times , November 9, 1951.
    245  “Colored men who are accused”: Pittsburgh Courier , November 17, 1951.
    245  “It’s a funny thing”: New York Post , November 9, 1951.
    245  “was visibly shaken”: Orlando Morning Sentinel , November 8, 1951.
    245  “This is the worst thing”: Ibid.
    245  “IRVIN agreeable”: MM 44-267, FBI.
    246  “and the laws of this country”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 283.
    246  “We must leave”: Wilkins statement, NAACP, November 8, 1951.
    246  “to whitewash the whole affair”: Marshall to McGrath, NAACP, November 8, 1951.
    246  The national office: Author interview, Vernon Jordan, April 14, 2011.
    247  “There isn’t a threat”: Time , September 19, 1955.
    247  “ducking, weaving and”: New York Post , November 8, 1951.
    247  “It’s a funny thing”: New York Post , November 9, 1951.
    248  It took Willis McCall: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 250.
    248  “to kill Alex Akerman”: Ibid., p. 249.
    248  “No, I’m in the clear”: Green, Before His Time , p. 251.
    248  “a big SOB in the NAACP”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 250.
    249  “hatchet job”: Byrd to Lucille Black, NAACP, September 29, 1950.
    249  “always delivered the votes”: Author interview, Vernon Jordan, April 14, 2011.
    249  “wondering if Moore”: MM 44-270, FBI.
    249  “neck ought to be broken”: Green, Before His Time , p. 156.
    249  “afraid to travel”: Ibid.
    250  “grooves between the tread design”: MM 44-267, FBI.
    250  “I will ask you”: Ibid.
    250  “The nail on the tire”: FHW, Chesley.
    251  “Was this ground dug up”: MM 44-267, FBI.
    252  “until I got permission”: Ibid.
    253  “guest of honor”: Federated Press , November 19, 1951.
    253  “I believe that this”: MM 44-267, FBI.
    253  “justified by reason”: Ibid.
    253  “At that time,” Futch wrote: Ibid., Statement of the Court, Fifth Judicial Circuit, Lake County, Florida, November 12, 1951.
    253– 54  “only as I have been directed”: St. Petersburg Times , November 13, 1951.
    254  “directly beneath a blood spot”: FBI 44-4066-70.
    254  “reached up and grabbed”: MM 44-267, FBI.
    254  “for probable use”: FBI 44-4055-15.
    254  “no need for a grand jury”: MM 44-267, FBI.
    255  he was “out of the city”: Kennedy Papers.
    255  “complete vindication”: New York Post , November 10, 1951.
    256  “fantastic savagery”: Ibid.
    256  “Irvin’s