Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

Williams.
    217  argued the case “superbly”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts , p. 98.
    218  “the hardest thing”: Crisis , April 1951. The reporting and quotes from Shepherd v. Florida are derived from this issue of Crisis .
    Chapter 15: You Have Pissed in My Whiskey
    219  “Won new trial for Walter Irvin”: Marshall to Dellia Irvin, LDF, April 10, 1951.
    220  “do not meet any civilized conception”: Shepherd v. Irvin , 341 U.S. 50 (1951).
    220  “not surprised”: New York Times , April 11, 1951.
    220  “very disappointed”: Ibid.
    220  “perfect this appeal”: Orlando Sentinel Star , November 9, 1949.
    220  Sidestepping questions: Pittsburgh Courier , April 21, 1951.
    221  In a public statement he ranted: Ibid.
    221  “to see that justice was done”: McCall, Willis V. McCall, Sheriff of Lake
County , p. 23.
    221  “I have it directly”: Watts Report, WDL.
    221-22a  “God Damn Nigger Lover”: Green, Before His Time , p. 134.
    222  “I don’t push easy”: McCall, Willis V. McCall, Sheriff of Lake County , p. 14.
    222  “Our warm appreciation”: White to Williams, NAACP, April 11, 1951.
    222  “unable to give his whole support”: St. Petersburg Times , April 11, 1951.
    222  “desegregated in about three weeks”: COHP, Marshall.
    222  “it wasn’t very smart”: Author interview, Jack Greenberg, February 10, 2009.
    223  “ham or oranges”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 219.
    223  “strange code of ethics”: Ibid.
    223  “You all haven’t electrocuted”: New York Post , November 8, 1951.
    223  “Wish you all would run”: Ibid .
    223  “causing trouble”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 223.
    223  “plenty of Negroes”: Ibid.
    224  “a big yellow streak”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts , p. 31.
    224  “You can say all you want”: Kluger, Simple Justice , p. 750.
    224    “I don’t sleep with”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts , p. 133.
    224  “white travelers were not yet accustomed”: Ibid.
    224  “Norma Padgett and her husband”: FOHP, Williams.
    225  “regulation strap”: Moore Report, Exhibit 74.
    225  “put the finger on”: Ibid .
    225  “out of hearing distance”: FOHP, Williams.
    226  “feelings generated”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts , p. 134.
    226    “unpainted, weather-beaten”: Ibid., p. 135.
    226  “an illegal search and seizure”: Ibid.
    226  “battlefield tension”: Ibid., p. 134.
    226  “create an error”: FOHP, Williams.
    226  “Anything can happen”: Ibid .
    227  “Prisons breed criminals”: De Forest, WDL, Watts Report.
    231  “I am ready now”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 253.
    231  “Go on ahead”: “Testimony of Walter Irvin,” State of Florida, County of Lake, November 8, 1951, George State University Special Collections Department, Stetson Kennedy Papers.
    231  “You sons of bitches,” McCall said: FBI 44-267.
    232  “Well,” he told Marshall: Thurgood Marshall, “Remarks at a Testimonial Dinner Honoring Raymond Pace Alexander, November 25, 1951,” Mark V. Tushnet, Thurgood Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions, and Reminiscences , p. 140.
    232  “Lake County Sheriff Shoots Two Negores”: Orlando Sentinel Star , November 7, 1951.
    233  “wanted to furnish information”: FBI 44-267.
    233  “killing of Samuel Shepherd”: Greenberg to Fuller Warren, NAACP, November 7, 1951.
    233  “the build of a blocking back”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts , p. 141.
    234  “exactly what happened”: New York Post , November 8, 1951.
    234  “You might as well go away”: Orlando Morning Sentinel , November 8, 1951.
    234  “I have orders not to let anyone”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 238.
    234  “suffering shock”: Orlando Evening Star , November 8, 1951.
    234  “Yates kept us”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts , p. 141.
    234  “when the law gives”: Orlando Evening Star , November 8, 1951.
    235  “appeared to be in pain”: FBI 44-4055.
    235  “entirely different story”: Corsair, The Groveland Four , p. 239.
    235  “half way down”: FBI 44-4055. Willis McCall’s version of the shooting is derived from his statement to FBI agents Swinney and Aderhold and transcribed in this report.
    235  “He said, ‘I will piss’ ”: Ibid.
    236  “he knew nothing”: Ibid.
    236  “Marie, it’s just”: Orlando Morning