The German Genius

148.
41. Charlotte Chandler, Nobody’s Perfect: Billy Wilder; A Personal Biography (New York and London: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. 60.
42. Luzi Korngold, Erich Wolfgang Korngold: ein Lebensbild (Vienna: Elisabeth Lafite, 1967), pp. 62ff.
43. Carl Zuckmayer, A Part of Myself , trans. Richard and Clara Winston (London: Secker & Warburg, 1970), p. 32.
44. Marlene Dietrich, ABC meines Lebens (Berlin: Blanvalet, 1963). See in particular the entries under Hollywood and Billy Wilder,.
45. Guido Knopp, Hitler’s Women—and Marlene , trans. Angus McGeoch (Stroud: Sutton, 2003), p. 266.
    C HAPTER 32: W EIMAR : T HE G OLDEN A GE OF T WENTIETH -C ENTURY P HYSICS , P HILOSOPHY, AND H ISTORY
     
1. John Cornwell, Hitler’s Scientists (London: Viking, 2003; Penguin, 2004), p. 111.
2. Ibid., p. 114.
3. Charles P. Enz, No Time to Be Brief: A Scientific Biography of Wolfgang Pauli (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 84ff.
4. David C. Cassidy, Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1992), pp. 127f.
5. Leo Corry, David Hilbert and the Axiomatisation of Physics (1898–1918): From Grundlagen der Geometrie to Grundlagen der Physik (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004).
6. Nancy Thorndike Greenspan, The End of the Certain World (New York: Wiley, 2005).
7. Einstein thought there were two kinds of scientific theory—“principled” theories, like the equivalence between gravity and acceleration, where reality “unfurls” from basic principles, and “constructive” theories, like quantum theory, where the underlying principle has yet to be found. Interest in Einstein’s more philosophical views has been growing recently. See Amanda Gefter, “Power of the Mind,” New Scientist 2529 (December 10, 2005): 54–55.
8. Cornwell, Hitler’s Scientists , p. 104.
9. Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe (New York and London: Simon & Schuster, 2007).
10. Cornwell, Hitler’s Scientists , p. 110.
11. Glyn Jones, The Jet Pioneers: The Birth of Jet-Powered Flight (London: Methuen, 1989), pp. 41–49.
12. Ibid., pp. 142ff.
13. Corry, David Hilbert .
14. John W. Dawson Jr., Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel (Wellesley, Mass.: A.K. Peters, 1997), p. 55.
15. Watson, Modern Mind/Terrible Beauty , p. 271. Furthermore, as Roger Penrose has pointed out, Gödel’s “open-ended mathematical intuition is fundamentally incompatible with the existing structure of physics.”
16. Michael Stöltzner and Thomas Uebel, eds., Wiener Kreis: Texte zur wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung von Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick, Philipp Frank, Hans Hahn, Karl Menger, Edgar Zilsel und Gustav Bergmann (Hamburg: Meiner, 2006). See the introduction, pp. ix–civ, 315ff. and 362ff. for Carnap, 503f. for Gödel.
17. Ben Rogers, A. J. Ayer (London: Chatto & Windus, 1999), p. 86.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., p. 87.
20. Paul Arthur Schilpp, The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap (La Salle, Ill.: Open Court; London: Cambridge University Press, 1963), especially pp. 183f., 385ff., and 545f. See also A. W. Carus, Carnap and Twentieth-Century Thought: Explication and Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 91–108 and 185–207.
21. I have used Rudiger Safranski, Ein Meister aus Deutschland: Heidegger und seine Zeit (Munich: Hanser, 1994), pp. 145ff.
22. Michael Grossheim, Von Georg Simmel zu Martin Heidegger: Philosophie zwischen Leben und Existenz (Bonn and Berlin: Bouvier, 1991), pp. 14–18.
23. Michael E. Zimmerman, Heidegger’s Confrontation with Modernity: Technology, Politics, and Art (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990).
24. Max Scheler, The Nature of Sympathy , trans. Peter Heath, intro. by W. Stark (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954), pp. 96–102.
25. Ibid.
26. To situate Cassirer, see Michael Friedman, A Parting of the Ways: Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger (Chicago: Open Court, 2000), pp. 1–10 and 129–144.
27. That year he took part in a famous debate with Martin Heidegger at Davos in Switzerland, where they locked horns over Kant, a year or so after Heidegger had published Being and Time. Safranski, Meister aus Deutschland , pp. 183–188.
28. Ernst Cassirer, Philosophie der symbolischen Formen , Text und Anmerkungen bearbeitet von Claus Ronsenkarnz (Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 2001), pp. 43ff. and 193.
29. Silvia Ferretti, Cassirer, Panofsky and Warburg: Symbol, Art, and History, trans. Richard Pierce (New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1989),