High Price

Research Service, AER731 (August 1996), www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer731/aer731g.pdf. Also Manning Marable, How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America (London: Pluto Press, 1983), p. 45.
    4. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings, DHHS publication no. SMA 05-4062, NSDUH series H-28, 2005, http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/p0000016.htm#2k4.
    5. Thomas P. Bonczar, “Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population, 1974–2001,” U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, NCJ 197976 (August 2003), www.policyalmanac.org/crime/archive/prisoners_in_US_pop.pdf.
    Chapter 2: Before and After
    1. B. A. Pan, M. L. Rowe, J. D. Singer, and C. E. Snow, “Maternal Correlates of Growth in Toddler Vocabulary Production in Low-income Families,” Child Development 76, no. 4 (July–August 2005): 763–82, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18300434; M. L. Rowe, “Child-Directed Speech: Relation to Socioeconomic Status, Knowledge of Child Development and Child Vocabulary Skill,” Journal of Child Language 35, no. 1 (February 2008): 185–205, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026495; M. L. Rowe and S. Goldin-Meadow, “Differences in Early Gesture Explain SES Disparities in Child Vocabulary Size at School Entry,” Science 323 (February 2009): 951–53, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213922.
    2. P. K. Piff et al., “Having Less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99, no. 5 (November 2010): 771–84;M. W. Kraus, S. Côté, and D. Keltner, “Social Class, Contextualism, and Empathic Accuracy,” Psychological Science 21, no. 11 (November 2010): 1716–23.
    Chapter 3: Big Mama
    1. D. K. Ginther et al., “Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards,” Science 333 (2011): 1015–9.
    2. C. M. Mueller and C. S. Dweck, “Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children’s Motivation and Performance,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, no. 1 (July 1998): 33–52.
    Chapter 4: Sex Education
    1. R. A. Wise, “The Neurobiology of Craving: Implications for the Understanding and Treatment of Addiction,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 97 (1988): 118–32; G. F. Koob, “Drugs of Abuse: Anatomy, Pharmacology and Function of Reward Pathways,” Trends Pharmacological Sciences 13 (1992): 177–84.
    2. J. Olds and P. Milner, “Positive Reinforcement Produced by Electrical Stimulation of the Septal Area and Other Regions of Rat Brain,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 46 (1954): 419–27.
    3. C. Hart and C. Ksir, “Nicotine Effects on Dopamine Clearance in Rat Nucleus Accumbens,” Journal of Neurochemistry 66 (1996): 216–21; C. Ksir et al., “Nicotine Enhances Dopamine Clearance in Rat Nucleus Accumbens,” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 19 (1995): 151–56.
    4. W. A. Cass et al., “Differences in Dopamine Clearance and Diffusion in Rat Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens Following Systemic Cocaine Administration,” Journal of Neurochemistry 59 (1992): 259–66.
    5. J. Zhu et al., “Nicotine Increases Dopamine Clearance in Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Rats Raised in an Enriched Environment,” Journal of Neurochemistry 103 (2007): 2575–88; J. Zhu, M. T. Bardo, and L. P. Dwoskin, “Distinct Effects of Enriched Environment on Dopamine Clearance in Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Core Following Systemic Nicotine Administration,” Synapse 67 (2013): 57–67.
    6. G. F. Koob, “Drugs of Abuse: Anatomy, Pharmacology and Function of Reward Pathways.”
    7. L. Hechtman and B. Greenfield, “Long-Term Use of Stimulants in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Safety, Efficacy, and Long-Term Outcome,” Paediatric Drugs 5, no. 12 (2003): 787–94.
    Chapter 5: Rap and Rewards
    1. H. R. White and M. E. Bates, “Cessation from Cocaine Use,” Addiction 90, no. 7 (July 1995): 947–57.
    2. A. J. Heinz et al., “Marriage and Relationship Closeness as Predictors of Cocaine and Heroin Use,” Addictive Behaviors 34, no. 3 (March 2009): 258–63.
    3. M. D. Resnick et al., “Protecting Adolescents from Harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health,” Journal of the American Medical Association 278, no. 10 (1997): 823–32.
    4. B. K. Alexander, R. B. Coambs, and P. F. Hadaway, “The Effect of Housing and