High Price

National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2011, vol. 1, Secondary School Students (Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 2012).
    3. Sudhir Venkatesh, Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets (New York: Penguin Press, 2008); Sudhir Venkatesh, Off the Books: The Underground Economy of the Urban Poor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).
    4. Quoted in Newsweek , June 16, 1986.
    5. Associated Press, “Browns Safety Dies of Cardiac Arrest,” New York Times , June 28, 1986, http://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/28/sports/browns-safety-dies-of-cardiac-arrest.html.
    6. Lynn Norment, “Charles Rangel: The Front-line General in the War on Drugs,” Ebony , March 1989.
    7. African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870–2008, Congressional Record , HR 5484, http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d099:H.R.5484.
    8. U.S. Sentencing Commission, Report to the Congress: Cocaine and Federal Sentencing Policy, May 2007, p. 16.
    Chapter 10: The Maze
    1. Roberta Spalter-Roth, Olga V. Mayorova, and Jean H. Shin, “The Impact of Cross-Race Mentoring for ‘Ideal’ and ‘Alternative’ PhD Careers in Sociology,” American Sociological Association, Department of Research and Development, August 2011.
    Chapter 12: Still Just a Nigga
    1. E. H. Williams, “Negro Cocaine Fiends Are a New Southern Menace,” New York Times, February 8, 1914.
    2. Ibid.
    3. Ibid.
    4. David Musto, The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control , expanded ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987).
    5. Ibid.
    Chapter 13: The Behavior of Human Subjects
    1. C. L. Hart et al., “Comparison of Intravenous Cocaethylene and Cocaine in Humans,” Psychopharmacology 149 (2000): 153–62.
    2. M. A. Nader and W. L. Woolverton, “Effects of Increasing the Magnitude of an Alternative Reinforcer on Drug Choice in a Discrete-Trials Choice Procedure,” Psychopharmacology 105, no. 2 (1991): 169–74; M. A. Nader and W. L. Woolverton, “Effects of Increasing the Response Requirement on Choice Between Cocaine and Food in Rhesus Monkeys,” Psychopharmacology 108 (1992): 295–300.
    3. C. L. Hart and C. Ksir, Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior , 15th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012).
    4. L. R. Gerak, R. Galici, and C. P. France, “Self-Administration of Heroin and Cocaine in Morphine-Dependent and Morphine-Withdrawn Rhesus Monkeys,” Psychopharmacology 204 (2009): 403–11.
    5. D. K. Hatsukami and M. W. Fischman, “Crack Cocaine and Cocaine Hydrochloride: Are the Differences Myth or Reality?” JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 276 (19) (1996): 1580–88.
    6. C. L. Hart et al., “Alternative Reinforcers Differentially Modify Cocaine Self-Administration by Humans,” Behavioural Pharmacology 11 (2000): 87–91.
    7. Ibid.
    8. S. T. Higgins et al., “Achieving Cocaine Abstinence with a Behavioral Approach,” American Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 5 (May 1993): 763–69.
    9. M. Stitzer and N. Petry, “Contingency Management for Treatment of Substance Abuse,” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2 (2006): 411–34.
    10. K. Silverman et al., “A Reinforcement-Based Therapeutic Workplace for the Treatment of Drug Abuse: Six-Month Abstinence Outcomes,” Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 9, no. 1 (February 2001): 14–23.
    Chapter 14: Hitting Home
    1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
    Chapter 15: The New Crack
    1. C. L. Hart and C. Ksir, Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior , 15th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012).
    2. J. A. Caldwell and J. L. Caldwell, “Fatigue in Military Aviation: An Overview of U.S. Military-Approved Pharmacological Countermeasures,” Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 76, 7 (Suppl.) (2005): C39–51.
    3. Remarks of Senator Barack Obama at Howard University Convocation, September 28, 2007.
    4. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings , NSDUH series H-44, HHS publication no. (SMA) 12-4713 (Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012).
    5. Fox Butterfield, “Home Drug-Making Laboratories Expose Children to Toxic Fallout,” New York Times , February 23, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/23/us/home-drug-making-laboratories-expose-children-to-toxic-fallout.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm.
    6. Kate Zernike, “A Drug Scourge Creates Its Own Form of Orphan,” New York Times ,