Jerusalem. The Biography

Parthian society, cavalry: Farrokh 131–5. This account of Antony and Cleopatra is based on Holbl 239–42; Goldsworthy 87–9, 183, 342–3; Schäfer 85–6; Sartre 50–3; Wilkinson,
Egypt
501–6. See Plutarch,
Makers of Rome
. Massacre of Sanhedrin: M. Stern, ‘Society and Political Realignments in Herodian Jerusalem’, in
Cathedra
2.40–59.
38 Herod takes Judaea 41–37 BC: JA 14.390–491. Farrokh 142–3; Antony’s Parthian war 145–7. Schäfer 86–7. Sartre 88–93.
39 Antony, Cleopatra, Herod: JA 14–15.160. Holbl 239–42.
40 JA 15.39–200. Herod, Actium and Augustus: this account of Cleopatra including the note on the fate of their children is based on Holbl 242–51; Goldsworthy 342–8; Actium 364–9; death, 378–85; Wilkinson,
Egypt
506–9 Herod and Cleopatra: JA 15.88–103. Herod as best friend of Augustus and Agrippa: JA 15.361. Description of Augustus: see Suetonius. Herod and Augustus: JA 15.183–200.
41 Herod and Mariamme 37–29 BC: marriage JA 14.465. Relationship: JA 15.21–86 and 15.202–66. Kokkinos 153–63; on Salome 179–86 and 206–16. Herod as king: this account of Herod is based on JA; Kokkinos; P. Richardson,
Herod the Great: King of the Jews, Friend of the Romans
; Stewart Perowne,
Herod the Great
; Michael Grant,
Herod the Great
117–44. Herod’s court: Kokkinos 143–53 and 351 – quote on Herod’s cosmopolitanism. Wives and concubines: JA 15.321–2. Kokkinos 124–43 and Herod’s education 163–73. Sartre 89–93. Schäfer 87–98. Herod’s wealth: Grant,
Herod
165. Games and theatres: JA 15.267–89. Fortressess/Sebaste/ Caesarea: JA 15.292–8; 15.323–41. Famine relief: JA 15.299–317. Citadel and Temple: JA 15.380–424.
42 Herod’s Jerusalem. Temple: JA 15.380–424 and JW 5.136–247. Bahat,
Atlas
40–51. On stones/seam – Ronny Reich and Dan Bahat, conversations with author. Seam and extension of Temple Mount:
Archeological Park
90. The street probably paved by Agrippa II:
Archeological Park
112–13; on Vitruvius and engineering, my explanation is based on
Archeological Park
29–31. Philo on Augustus’ sacrifices in Temple: Goodman 394. Trumpeting place: JW 4.12.
Cathedra
1.46–80. Simon temple-builder: Grant,
Herod
150. Shanks 92–100. Patrich,
Sacred Esplanade
37–73. The Red Heifer: Numbers 19. Heifer: this modern research is based on Lawrence Wright, ‘Letter from Jerusalem: Forcing the End’,
New Yorker
, 20 July 1998.
43 Herod, Augustus/sons to Rome/many wives: JA 15.342–64; with Agrippa/ Crimea/Diaspora Jews etc: JA 16.12–65. Grant,
Herod
144–50. Augustus and Agrippa sacrifices: Goodman 394; Philo,
Works
27.295.
44 Herod family tragedies/Augustus’ rulings/execution of princes/four wills/last massacre and of innocents/death: JA 16.1–404 and 17.1–205. Kokkinos 153–74. Grant,
Herod
211. Diagnosis of death: Philip A. Mackowiak,
Post Mortem
89–100. Jesus birth, Bethlehem Massacre, King of Israel/escape to Egypt: Matthew 1, 2 and 3. Sacrifice in Temple/tax/Bethlehem/circumcision: Luke 1–2, Isaiah 7.14. Lane Fox,
Unauthorized Version
, on timing of birth: 202. Brothers, sisters: Mark 6.3, Matthew 13.55, John 2.12, Acts 1.14. Speculative Cleophas theory: James D. Tabor,
The Jesus Dynasty
(henceforth Tabor) 86–92.
45 Varus’ war/Archelaus before Augustus and reign and downfall: JA 17.206–353. Goodman 397–401. Sartre 113–14. Archelaus: Herod of Luke 1.5. Kokkinos – on coins/using name of Herod, 226. Schäfer 105–12. Zealots founded by Judas the Galilean: JA 18.1–23. Gabriel’s Revelation: Ethan Bronner, ‘Hebrew tablet suggests tradition of resurrected messiah predates Jesus’,
New York Times
, 6 August 2008.
46 Jesus the life and ministry. Pinnacle of temple: Matthew 5.5. Aged twelve in Temple:Luke 2.39–51. Herod Antipas threat to Jesus/Pharisees/the hens/prophet outside Jerusalem: Luke 13.31–5. (Matthew’s version of the same speech is set in the Temple during Jesus’ last visit: Matthew 23.37.) Destruction of Jerusalem and armies foreseen: Luke 22.20–4. Jesus, John resurrected – Herod: Mark 6.14. I beheaded John, but reborn: Luke 9.7–9. Visit to high mountain and meeting with Moses and Elias (similarity to Muhammad’s Night Journey): Mark 9.1–5. Vision of King of Heaven: Matthew 24.3–25.46. Repent Kingdom of Heaven coming: Matthew 5.17. Blessed be the poor: Matthew 5.3. Not destroy law: Matthew 5.17. Exceed righteous Pharisees: Matthew 5.20. Let dead bury dead: Matthew 8.22.