Jerusalem. The Biography

and 331; festival 31.3. On Antiochus/festival: Diodorus,
Library of History
31.16. This account closely follows Bevan,
Seleucus
2.126–61; character 128–32; God manifest 154; death 161. Schäfer 34–47. Sartre 26–8. Building the gymnasium: 2 Maccabees 4.12. Religious edicts: 1 Maccabees 1.34–57, 2 Maccabees 6.6–11. Abomination: Daniel 11.31, 12.11. Schäfer 32–44. Holbl 190. Shanks 112–15; face on coins: silver tetradrachm in Shanks 113. Sartre9–14. Martyrs and atrocities: 2 Maccabees 6. Greek culture: Goodman 110. Crucifixion: JA 12.256.
31 Judah and Maccabee Revolt: JA 12.265–433. 1 Maccabees 2–4. The Hammer: 2 Maccabees 5.27. Hasidim: origins of Essenes and apocalyptic thought: Book of Enoch 85–90 and 93.1–10 and 91.12–17. JA 12.7. Lysias: 1 Maccabees 4, 2 Maccabees 11. Hanukkah: 1 Maccabees 4.36–9, 2 Maccabees 10.1–8. JA 12.316. Judah in Jerusalem: 1 Maccabees 4.69. Conquests: 1 Maccabees 4–6. Jewish rights restored by Antiochus V: 1 Maccabees 6.59. Lysias vs Jerusalem: 2 Maccabees 11.22–6. Alcimus: 1 Maccabees 7, 8 and 9, 2 Maccabees 13.4–8, 14, 15. JA 8, 9, 10. Nicanor threats defeat head, tongue, hand: 1 Maccabees 7.33–9, 2 Maccabees 14.26, 2 Maccabees 15.36, 2 Maccabees 15.28–37, 1 Maccabees 8.1. Bacchides/death of Judah: 1 Maccabees 8–9. Bevan,
Seleucus
2.171–203. Joseph Sievers,
The Hasmoneans and their Supporters: From Mattathias to the Death of John Hyrcanus I
(henceforth Sievers) 16–72. Michael Avi-Yonah,
The Jews of Palestine: A Political History from the Bar Kochba War to the Arab Conquest
(henceforth Avi-Yonah) 4–5. Sartre 9–14. Resurrection and apocalypse: Lane Fox,
Unauthorized Version
98–100. Daniel 12.2–44. Isaiah 13.17–27. Jeremiah 51.1. Acra foundation:
Archeological Park
45. Patrich,
Sacred Esplanade
37–73.
32 Jonathan: 1 Maccabees 9–16 and JA 13.1–217. Philometer: 1 Maccabees 11.6–7. Onias IV: Holbl 190. JA 12.65–71, 14.131. Holbl 191–4. Schäfer 44–58. Bevan,
Seleucus
2.203–28. Sievers 73–103. Simon: JA 13.187–228. Simon as high priest, captain and leader: 1 Maccabees 12 and 13, 1 Maccabees 13.42–51. Acra falls/purple and gold: 1 Maccabees 13.51, 14.41–4. Antiochus VII Sidetes: 1 Maccabees 15.1–16. Simon death: JA 13.228. 1 Maccabees 16.11. Schäfer 56–8. Bevan,
Seleucus
2.227–43. Sievers 105–34. Sartre 9–14. Acra foundations:
Archeological Park
45; wall 90. Hasmonean walls – Avi-Yonah, 221–4. Peters,
Jerusalem
591. Ptolemy VII Euergetes II: Jews and elephants Josephus, ‘Against Apion’ 2.50–5. Holbl 194–204.
33 Hyrcanus: JA 13.228–300. Schäfer 65–74. Hasmonean walls: Avi-Yonah, 221–4. Peters,
Jerusalem
591. Walls:
Archeological Park
90, 138. Bahat,
Atlas
37–40. Converstions with Dan Bahat. Hyrcanus fortress residence: JA 14.403, 18.91. JW 1.142. Mass conversions: Goodman 169–74. Conversions and conquest: Sartre 14–16. Negotiations with Parthians: Marina Pucci, ‘Jewish–Parthian Relations in Josephus’, in
Cathedra
quoting the Book of Josippon. Greek culture: Goodman 110. Jewish contributions to Temple wealth: JA 14.110. Aristobulos: JA 13.301–20. Alexander Jannaeus: JA 13.320–404. Sartre 9–14. M. Stern, ‘Judaea and her Neighbours in the Days of Alexander Jannaeus’, in
Cathedra
1.22–46. Alexandra Salome: JA 13.405–30. Hyrcanus II vs Aristobulos II: JA 14.1–54. Bevan,
Seleucus
2.238–49. Sievers 135–48. Shanks 118. Roman treaty: Sartre 12–14.
34 Pompey: JA 14.1–79, including capture of city and entering Holy of Holies 14.65–77; Scaurus/Gabinius/Mark Antony: JA 14.80–103. Antipater: JA 14.8–17. Pompey reduces wall: JA 14.82. Greek allegations about Temple: see Apion and Josephus, ‘Against Apion’. Tacitus,
Histories
5.8–9. Cicero,
For Flaccus
, quoted in Goodman 389–455. John Leach,
Pompey the Great
78–101 and 212–14. Goldsworthy 73–6. Patrich,
Sacred Esplanade
37–73.
35 Crassus: Farrokh 131–40. JA 14.105–23, especially 110.
36 Caesar, Antipater, Cleopatra: JA 14.127–294. This analysis and account of Cleopatra and Caesar is based on Goldsworthy 87–9; 107; 125–7; 138; 172–81; Holbl 232–9; Schäfer 81–5; Sartre 44–51; Wilkinson,
Egypt
492–501. Cleopatra, Mark Antony Plutarch,
Makers of Rome
; Antipater origins and early career: Niko Kokkinos,
Herodian Dynasty: Origins, Role in Society and Eclipse
(henceforth Kokkinos) 195–243.
37 Antony, Herod, Parthia: JA 14.297–393. Parthian invasion/Antigonos: Farrokh 141–3.