Jerusalem. The Biography

Severus: Avi-Yonah 43–5. Marcus Aurelius in Aelia quoting Ammianus Marcellinus: Goodman 498. Today’s Old City is Hadrianic shape: David Kroyanker,
Jerusalem Architecture
(henceforth Kroyanker) 14. Jews: Visit of Septimus Severus, Caracalla, Judah haNasi: Goodman 496–7, 506–11. Severus: Butcher 48–51. Judaism/Judah haNasi: Sartre 319–35. Visits to Jerusalem, Judah haNasi: Avi-Yonah 50–6, 140; Tanaim and court of Nasi/patriarchs up to Judah the Prince 39–40, 54–75; Jerusalem, rending garments 79–80; Severans and Judah the Prince and small group of Rabbi Meir’s students of Holy Community settle in Jerusalem 77–9. Severus and civil war, Caracalla: Sartre 148–9, 157; Butcher 48–51. Jewish return to Jerusalem: Sartre 321–2; Goodman 501–8. Jewish traditions on Jerusalem, in Tosefta, Amidah etc. quoted in Goodman 576–7. Simon Goldhill,
Jerusalem: A City of Longing
179. Christian beliefs and persecutions: Goodman 512–24. Isaiah Gafni, ‘Reinterment in Land of Israel’, in
Cathedra
1.101. Christianity after 135: Freeman,
New History of Early Christianity
132–41; Ebionites 133; Gnostics 142–54. Early Christians, Gnosticism: MacCulloch 121–37; relations with Roman state 156–88; Christian alternative to Rome 165; Severus, to third-century crisis, Mithraism, Mani, Diocletian 166–76. Joseph Patrich, ‘The Early Church of theHoly Sepulchre in the Light of Excavations and Restoration’, in Y. Tsafrir (ed.),
Ancient Churches Revealed
101–7. Synagogues: seven synagogues; one remained on Mount Zion in AD 333: Bordeaux Pilgrim,
Itinerary
592–3. Epiphanius quoted: Peters,
Jerusalem
125–7. Schäfer 168. Christianity and persecutions and decay of Roman power: Butcher 86–9; revolts against Romans 65–6. Twenty-five changes of emperor in 103 years/Zenobia; Diocletian visits Palestina 286: Avi-Yonah 91–127 and 139–49. Michael Grant,
Constantine the Great
126–34. Sartre 339. On Palmyran empire and Zenobia: P. Southern,
Empress Zenobia: Palmyra’s Rebel Queen
.
    PART THREE: CHRISTIANITY
     
1 Constantine. Rise and character: Warren T. Treadgold,
A History of Byzantine State and Society
(henceforth Treadgold) 30–48. Grant,
Constantine
82–4, 105–15; Sun God 134–5; Milvian Bridge vision 140–55; Church 156–86. Judith Herrin,
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire
(henceforth Herrin) 8–11. Patron gods of Caesar Augustus and Aurelian, smallness of Christian religion, Jews as detestable mob, Jewish history as Roman history: Goodman 539–48. Crispus/Fausta sexual offence: Treadgold 44. Avi-Yonah 159–64. Lane Fox,
Unauthorized Version
247. MacCulloch 189–93. Last years: Grant,
Constantine
213. John Julius Norwich,
Byzantium: The Early Centuries
(henceforth Norwich) 1.31–79. Fred M. Donner,
Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam
10–11. On Christological debates and shock-troop monks: Chris Wickham,
The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000
(henceforth Wickham) 59–67.
2 Helena in Jerusalem. Eusebius,
Life of Constantine
3.26–43. Sozomen,
Church History
2.1, 2.26. Helena barmaid: Grant,
Constantine
16–17; visit 202–5. Zeev Rubin, ‘The Church of Holy Sepulchre and Conflict between the Sees of Caesarea and Jerusalem’, in
Cathedra
2.79–99 on early visit of Constantine’s mother-in-law, Eutropia, in 324. Founding of Church: MacCulloch 193–6. Temple Mount, space and holiness to Jews/defeat of old revelation and victory of new: Oleg Grabar,
The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem
28. Goldhill,
City of Longing
179. Peters,
Jerusalem
131–40. New Jerusalem: Goodman 560–77; Jewish reverence for Jerusalem 576–7. Jews: Avi-Yonah 159–63; small Jewish revolt reported in John Chrysostom 173. Basilicas and ceremonies of church: MacCulloch 199; Arianism 211–15. Bordeaux Pilgrim,
Itinerary
589–94; see also Peters,
Jerusalem
143–4, including new name for Zion. Confusion about real Zion: 2 Samuel 5.7, Micah 3.12. Tsafrir,
Sacred Esplanade
73–99.
3 Constantius: Avi-Yonah, 174–205. Julian: Treadgold 59–63. Jews/Temple: Yohanan Levy, ‘Julian the Apostate and the Building of the Temple’, in
Cathedra
3.70–95. Temple: Sozomen,
Church History
5.22. Isaiah 66.14.
Archeological Park
22. Norwich 339–100. Did Jews remove statues?/Isaiah inscription: Shanks 53–5. Arab revolts of Queen Maria and Saracen War in 375: Butcher 65–6.
4 The first pilgrims fourth/fifth century/Hun invasion: Zeev Rubin,