Jerusalem. The Biography

Jewish converts: Ibn Khaldun,
The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History
(henceforth Ibn Khaldun) 260.
2 Abu Bakr to Othman. The first successors to Prophet, sources: Donner,
Muhammad
91–5; Prophet and Apocalypse 78–82 and 97; knowledge of Syria 96; jihad 83–6; ecumenical openness to Jews and Christians – quotations from Donner 87–9; caliph title used only (possibly) by Abu Bakr but more usually Commander of the Believers and succession 97–106; the nature of Islamic expansion, churches not destroyed 106–19; early version of
shahada
(without ‘Muhammad is his prophet/apostle’) 112; Bishop Sebeos and Jewish governor 114; ecumenical 114–15; on sharing churches 114–5; on Cathisma Church with
mihrab
and in Jerusalem itself 115; Abu Bakr conquests 118–33.
Apocalypse/The Hour: Koran 33.63, 47.18. Hour nigh: Koran 54.1. Early armies at Yarmuk and al-Qadisiyah, only 30,000 men, power of religious propaganda and motivation: Ibn Khaldun 126. Development of title khalifa: Ibn Khaldun 180. Omar takes title Commander of the Faithful: Kennedy,
Conquests
54–6 and 72–5. Barnaby Rogerson,
The Heirs of the Prophet Muhammad and the Roots of the Sunni–Shia Schism
(henceforth Rogerson) 83, 128–9, 169.
Omar takes Palestine, Byzantine empire, weaknesses, plague, poverty: Kennedy,
Conquests
, 142–98; settlement of Palestine and Iraq 95–7; Amr al-As 46–51 and 70–3; Khalid bin Walid 70–3. Yaqubi,
History
2.160–70, and al-Baladhuri,
Conquest of the Countries
, quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
176–7. Defeat of Byzantines: Runciman 1.15 Khalid in command at Damascus and Yarmuk: Kennedy,
Conquests
75–89. Early administration: Rogerson 220.
3 Omar enters Jerusalem: Koran 17.1, change of
qibla
: Koran 2.142–4. Concept of Day of Judgement: Koran 3.185 33.63, 47.18. 54.1.
Covenant – Tabari,
Annals
1.2405, in Peters,
Jerusalem
18. Muthir al-Ghiram in Guy Le Strange,
Palestine under the Moslems
139–44. Eutychius quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
189–90.
Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
45–50. Omar looks, character, stories: Ibn Khaldun 162. Kennedy,
Conquests
125–30. Rogerson 171–82.
Donner,
Muhammad
: Omar conquest of Jerusalem, 125; Jews 114–15; Apocalypse 78–82 and 97; militancy 83–6; openness to Monotheists – quotations from Donner 87–9. Shlomo D. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem in the Arab Period 638–1099, in
Cathedra
2: 168–75.
Omar takes surrender: Kennedy,
Conquests
91–5. Abdul Azis Duri, ‘Jerusalem in the Early Islamic Period’, in Asali, 105; early
hadith
and
fadail
: in Asali, 114–16. Jerusalem further place of prayer: Koran 17.1. On importance of Holy Land, Jerusalem and Aqsa: Mustafa Abu Sway, ‘The Holy Land, Jerusalem and the Aqsa Mosque in Islamic Sources’, in
Sacred Esplanade
335–43. Wickham 279–89.
Jewish hopes, move to Jerusalem: J. Mann,
The Jews in Egypt and Palestine underthe Fatimid Caliphs
(henceforth Mann) 1.44–7. Jewish traditions – Israiliyat and Kaab quotations: Hassan, ‘Muslim Literature in Praise of Jerusalem,’ in
Cathedra
1.170–2. Meir Kister, ‘A Comment on the Antiquity of Traditions Praising Jerusalem’, in
Cathedra
1.185–6.
The names of the city: Angelika Neuwirth, ‘Jerusalem in Islam: The Three Honorific Names of the City’, in
OJ
77–93. Seventeen Muslim names/seventy Jewish in Midrash/multiplicity is greatness, quoted in Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 187. Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
112. Omar on Temple Mount: Isaac ben Joseph quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
191–2; on Jews cleansing Temple Mount and banning: Salman ben Yeruham quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
191–4. Filth on Temple Mount deliberately placed by Helena – Mujir al-Din,
Histoire de Jérusalem et d’Hébron
(henceforth Mujir) 56–7, and on Jews cleansing Temple Mount. Earliest mosques: Kennedy,
Conquests
121 and 134.
First cemetery and early burials of Companions of Prophet: Kamal Asali, ‘Cemeteries of Old Jerusalem’, in
OJ
279–84. Sophronius, abomination: in Peters,
Jerusalem
190. First sight of Jerusalem from hill: Sari Nusseibeh,
Once Upon a Country
29. Hussein bin Talal, King Hussein of Jordan,
My War with Israel
122. Arculf in Thomas Wright,
Early Travels in Palestine
1–5. Jews in Omar’s armies – see Professor Rood in
JQ
32, Autumn 2007. Jewish aspirations: Sebeos quoted in Goldhill,
City of Longing
76. Mann 1.44–7. Shared church and mosques: Ross Burns,
Damascus: A History
100–5. Donner,
Muhammad
: see earlier references.
Early names of Jerusalem: see
Sacred