Jerusalem. The Biography

tomb: conversation with Dr Nasmi Joubeh.
24 Fall of Ayyubids/assassination of Turanshah and rise of Baibars: character portrait based on Robert Irwin,
The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate 1250–1382
(henceforth Irwin). Ibn Wasil quoted in Gabrieli 295–300; Baibars at war, Ibn Az-Zahir quoted in Gabrieli 307–12. Tyerman 797–8. Runciman 3.261–71. Rise of Baibars, ferocious, nervous, sleepless, inspections, character, the rise of the Mamluks, Irwin 1–23; career 37–42. Humphreys,
Ayyubids
302–3; Baibars in Palestine Syria 326–35; Nasir gets Jerusalem again, Baibars moves down to Jerusalem and plunders it 257.
Nachmanides: Prawer,
History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom
160–1, 252–3. King Hethum II: Hintlian,
History of the Armenians in the Holy Land
4–5. Mamluk as Islam’s Templars: Ibn Wasil quoted in Gabrieli 294. Baibars, Aibek and Shajar diamonds, clogs: Phillip,
Warriors
258–69. Khalidi Library: author interview with Haifa Khalidi; Jocelyn M. Ajami, ‘A Hidden Treasure’, in
Saudi Aramco World Magazine
.
    PART SIX: MAMLUK
     
1 Baibars in power: Irwin 37–42 and 45–58. Tyerman 727–31, 806–17. Runciman 3.315–27. Mamilla – the Zawiya al-Qalandariyya and Turba al-Kabakayya (tomb of exiled Governor of Safed, al-Kabaki): Asali in
OJ
281–2. On Mamluk rise: this account of the Mamluks is based on Linda S. Northrup, ‘The Bahri Mamluk Sultanate’, in
CHE
1.242–89, especially on nature of Mamluk relationships 251; quotation from Ibn Khaldun (grouse/House of War) 242; Baibars military power 259; Mamluk favourite Sufism vs Taymiyya 267; pressure on Christians and Jews 271–2; Baibars victory over Mongols, Crusaders, Seljuks 273–6. Mamluk culture, on horseback, rules: Stillman, ‘The Non-Muslim Communities: The Jewish Community’,
CHE
1.209, and Jonathan P. Berkey, ‘Culture and Society during the Middle Ages’,
CHE
1.391. Mamluk emblems, Baibars’ lions: Irene A. Bierman,
CHE
1.371–2. Baibars at war: Ibn Az-Zahir quoted in Gabrieli 307–12; sarcastic letter on Cyprus campaign 321. Burns,
Damascus
198–200. Baibars’ death: Runciman 3.348. Jerusalem/Baibars: Burgoyne,
Mamluk Jerusalem
58–9, 66, 77. Donald P. Little, ‘1260–1516: The Noble Sanctuary under Mamluk Rule – History,’ in
Sacred Esplanade
177–87. Michael Hamilton Burgoyne, ‘The Noble Sanctuary under Mamluk Rule – Architecture’, in
Sacred Esplanade
189–209. Baibars builds Khan al-Zahir: Mujir 239. Baibars’ violent, perverted Sufi adviser Sheikh Khadir: Irwin 54. Asali,
OJ
281–2.
Cathedra
1.198. Edward I Crusade: Tyerman 810–12; Runciman 3.242–3. M. Prestwich,
Edward I
, 66 and 119.
2 Qalawun, Ashraf Khalil, Nasir Muhammad: the portrait of Qalawun is based on Linda Northrup,
From Slave to Sultan: The Career of al-Mansur Qalawun and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria
, and on Irwin. Irwin 63–76. Jerusalem titles: Northrup,
From Slave to Sultan
175. Repair of al-Aqsa roof: Burgoyne,
Mamluk Jerusalem 77 and 129
. Khalil and Acre: Irwin 76–82. Fall of Acre: Runciman 3.387–99, 403–5, 429.
3 Ramban and other Jewish visitors: Prawer,
History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom
155–61 and 241. Peters,
Jerusalem
363 and 531. Minaret: Burgoyne,
Mamluk Jerusalem
513.
4 Armenians and Mongols 1300: Hintlian,
History of the Armenians in the Holy Land
4–5. Reuven Amitai, ‘Mongol Raids into Palestine’,
JRAS
236–55. Niccolo of Poggibonsi quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
410.
5 Mamluk Jerusalem: this is based on Burgoyne’s
Mamluk Jerusalem
; Irwin on Mamluk politics; Kroyanker. Nasir visit 1317 and building: Burgoyne,
Mamluk Jerusalem
77–85; Sufis 419–21; Nasir and Tankiz 278–97 and 223–33; Citadel 85; Mamluk style 89; blind Ala al-Din 117; tradition of Mamluk tombs from Nur al-Din 167–8. Mamluk style: Kroyanker 47–58. On building: Drory,
Cathedra
1.198–209. Citadel rebuilt: Hawari,
OJ
493–518.
Nasir Muhammad: this portrait is based on Irwin 105–21, including Irwin quote greatest and nastiest. On Nasir and killing of amirs: Ibn Battutah,
Travels
18–20; on Jerusalem 26–8. Nasir: Burns,
Damascus
201–16. Administration: Little in Asali,
Jerusalem
187–9; on Muslim literature of
fadail
; 193–5, Sufis 191–2. On Nasir
waqfs
, building, Mujir 102; on parades in Jerusalem 181–2. Irwin: Mamluk executions 86; on religious jurist Ibn Taymiyya 96–7; anti-Christian and anti-Jewish policies 97–9; Mongols 99–104. Mamluk