Marijuana Horticulture: The Indoor/Outdoor Medical Grower's Bible

and slow-acting nerve poison.
    Controls: Nonselective control of beetles, caterpillars, flies, mosquitos, thrips, weevils, and beneficial insects, but death is slow. According to Hemp Diseases and Pests, target insects can consume up to 30 times their lethal dose before dying!
    Caution: Kills beneficials. New evidence indicates rotenone may be toxic to people and may cause Parkinson’s disease. Use only as a last resort!
    Mixing: Follow directions on the package.
    Application: Follow directions on the package.
    Persistence: Breaks down in three to ten days.
    Forms: Powder, wettable powder, liquid.
    Toxicity: The effect on mammals is undetermined. Chronic exposure may cause Parkinson’s. It is toxic to birds, fish, and beneficials.
    Safety: Wear a mask and gloves; cover exposed skin and hair. Avoid skin contact.
Ryania
    Ingredients: This contact-alkaloid stomach poison is made from stems and roots of the tropical shrub, Ryania speciosa.
    Controls: Toxic to aphids, thrips, European corn borers, hemp borers, flea beetles, leaf rollers, and many caterpillars. Once pests consume ryania, they stop feeding immediately and die within 24 hours.
    Caution: Somewhat toxic to beneficials and mammals!
    Mixing: Follow directions on package.
    Application: Follow directions on package. Apply as dust.
    Persistence: Two weeks or longer.
    Forms: Powder, wettable powder.
    Toxicity: Toxic to mammals, birds, fish, and beneficials.
    Safety: Wear a mask, gloves, and safety glasses, and cover exposed skin and hair. Avoid skin contact.
Sabadilla
    Ingredients: This alkaloid pesticide is made from the seeds of a tropical lily, Schoenocaulon officinale, native to Central and South America, and a European hellebore, Veratrum album.
    Controls: A contact and stomach poison, this centuries-old poison controls aphids, beetles, cabbage loopers, chinch bugs, grasshoppers, and squash bugs.
    Caution: Very toxic to honeybees and moderately toxic to mammals!
    Mixing: Follow directions on package.
    Application: Most potent when applied at 75-80°F. Follow directions on package.
    Persistence: Two or three days.
    Forms: Powder, liquid.
    Toxicity: Somewhat toxic to mammals, toxic to honeybees.
    Safety: Wear a mask, gloves, and safety glasses, and cover exposed skin and hair. Avoid skin, eye, ear, and nose contact. Irritates eyes and nose.
Seaweed
    Ingredients: Numerous elements including nutrients, bacteria, and hormones.
    Controls: Suspended particles in seaweed impair, and even kill, insects and spider mites by causing lesions. The particles cut and penetrate the soft-bodied pest insects and mites causing their body fluids to leak out.
    Mixing: Dilute as per instructions for soil application.
    Application: Spray on foliage, especially under leaves where mites live.
    Persistence: Up to two weeks when spreader-sticker is used.
    Forms: Powder and liquid.
    Toxicity: Not toxic to mammals, birds, and fish. Nonselective, kills beneficials.
    Safety: Wear a mask and gloves.
Soap, Insecticidal
    Ingredients: Mild contact insecticides made from fatty acids of animals and plants. A variety of soaps are available in potassium-salt based liquid concentrates. Soft soaps such as Ivory liquid dish soap, Castille soap, and Murphy’s Oil soap are biodegradable and kill insects in a similar manner to commercial insecticidal soaps, but they are not as potent or effective.

Safer Insecticidal Soap
    Controls: Controls soft-bodied insects such as aphids and mealy bugs, spider mites, thrips, and whiteflies by penetrating and clogging body membranes.
    Caution: Do not use detergent soaps because they may be caustic.
    Mixing: Add a few capfuls of soap to a quart of water to make a spray. Ivory or Castille soap can also be used as a spreader-sticker to mix with other sprays. The soaps help the spray stick to the foliage better.
    Application: Spray at the first appearance of insect pests. Follow directions on commercial preparations. Spray homemade mixes every four to five days.
    Persistence: Soft soaps will last only for about a day before dissipating.
    Forms: Liquid.
    Toxicity: These soaps are safe for bees, animals, and humans.
    Safety: Wear a mask and gloves.
Sulfur
    Ingredients: Sulfur. Mixed with lime, sulfur is more toxic to insects but more phytotoxic to plants.
    Controls: Centuries-old fungicide is effective against rusts and powdery mildew.
    Caution: Do not apply in temperatures above 90°F (32°C) and less than 50 percent humidity. It will burn foliage.
    Mixing: Follow