Marijuana Horticulture: The Indoor/Outdoor Medical Grower's Bible

leaf damage.
    Spray early in the day so ingredients are absorbed and foliage dries. Spraying two hours or less before lights-out can cause foliar fungus when water sits on leaves too long.
    Do not mix two products. It could change the characteristics of both.
    Warm temperatures mean spraying twice as often, because the bugs breed twice as fast.
    Use a clean, accurate measuring cup or spoon. Measure quantities carefully!
    Mix pesticides and fungicides just before using them, and safely dispose of unused spray. Mix fertilizer and use for several weeks.
    Mix wettable powders and soluble crystals in a little hot water to make sure they dissolve before adding the balance of the tepid water.
    Use chemical sprays with extreme care , if at all, in enclosed areas; they are more concentrated indoors than outdoors in the open air.
    Use a facemask when spraying, especially if using an aerosol fogger.
    Spray entire plants, both sides of the leaves, stems, soil, and pot. Be careful with new, tender-growing shoots; they are easily burned by harsh sprays.
    A one quart (0.9-1.8 L) or two quart pump-up spray bottle with a removable nozzle that is easy to clean is ideal. Keep a paper clip handy to ream out clogged debris in nozzle.
    A 1-2 gallon (3.8-7.6 L) sprayer costs less than $50 and works well for large gardens. An application wand and nozzle attached to a flexible hose makes spraying under leaves where insects live easy. Plastic is recommended; it does not corrode or rust.
    Electric foggers work well for large jobs. The spray is metered out a nozzle under high pressure, which creates a fine penetrating fog.
    Wash the sprayer and the nozzle thoroughly after each use. Using the same bottle for fertilizers and insecticides is okay. Do not mix insecticides and fungicides together or with anything else. Mixing chemicals could cause a reaction that lessens their effectiveness.
    Raise HID lamp out of the way so mist from spray will not touch the bulb; temperature stress, resulting from the relatively cold water hitting the hot bulb, may cause it to shatter. This could not only scare the hell out of you, it could burn eyes and skin. If the bulb breaks, turn off the system immediately and unplug!
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A pump-up sprayer with a spray wand allows you to deliver spray under leaves where most pests live.

Curled leaves are the result of mixing and applying sprays that are too strong. The natural spray applied to this plant was mixed double-strength.

Powder fungicides are easiest to apply with an applicator that disperses the powder evenly on foliage.

This grower is taking no chances. He suited up to avoid any contact with sprays.

Hold foliage back so you can spray under the leaves where most pests reside.

Too strong a spray caused brown burn spots and made this leaf curl downward.
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    Hemp Diseases and Pests is a detailed troubleshooting guide focusing on diseases and pests of cannabis that arise in greenhouse, growroom, and outdoor crops. Pests and diseases can be identified by written descriptions, plant symptom keys, detailed line drawings, and photographs. Organic methods are emphasized, with explicit instructions for biodynamic techniques and biological pest control.
    Stats: oversized hardcover (British A4-paper), 251 pp.
    Profusely illustrated: 111 black & white photos and drawings, 86 color photos, 36 tables and charts.
    More info and ordering: Jorge’s site: www.marijuanagrowing.com
    Oxford University Press: www.oup-usa.com ; in Europe: www.cabi-publishing.org/Bookshop
    Copies also available at Ebay and Amazon.com
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Chapter FIFTEEN
HASH AND OIL MAKING

    This piece of Swiss hash was collected and pressed shortly after harvest.

Introduction
    Hashish is the connoisseur’s smoke. Hashish, also called hash, is the resin heads of glandular trichomes that are collected, pressed together, and shaped. The more resin on the input material, the better the hash. Here we will touch on the basics of making hashish using safe extraction methods. I have omitted detailed information on chemical extraction methods using butane, acetate, different alcohols, etc., because of possible health risks from explosion, fire, and fumes. Chemical damage may result from premature use of the end-product before all solvents and residuals have been extracted. You can find much information on these subjects at www.marijuanagrowing.com . Resin can be collected by scraping it from your hands after handling resinous plants or buds. It can be