The Great Divide

31, 40, 58, 59, 60, 65, 76, 157
    canals, 259, 263, 311, 319, 386, 403, 407
    Canidae family, 42 see also dogs
    cannabis, 165, 166, 167, 171, 176, 177, 178, 507
    cannibalism, 106, 306, 311, 478
    cannons, 455
    Cantona, 423
    Cantor, Norman, 465
    Cape, the/Cape of Good Hope, 100, 115
    Cape Espenberg, 64
    Cape Krusenstern, 61
    Cape Thompson, 63
    capitalism, 448–9, 450, 454, 456
    captives, 233–4, 388, 389, 395, 419, 420–2, 425–6, 427, 429, 433, 477, 478, 480, 484, 486
    Caracol, 395
    Caral, 256–8, 259, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 300, 310
    carding machines, 456
    Caribbean, 95, 188, 204, 218, 539
    caribou, 60, 66
    Caribs, 218, 228, 544
    Carica candicans (papaya), 387
    Carlson, John, 220
    Carnarvon, Lord, 280
    Carpathian Basin, 170, 171
    Carrasco, David, 470, 480, 482, 483, 485, 527
    Carrillo, Camillo, 84
    Carter, Howard, 280
    Carthage, 367
    Cartier, Jacques, 529
    carts, 140, 141, 147, 170, 282, 509
    Casa Rinconada, 405
    Cascade Mountain range, 241
    ‘Cascadia’, 240–1
    Cashford, Jules, 120, 284, 298
    Cashinahua, 208, 513
    Caspian Sea, 277
    Castile, 500
    castration, 144
    Catalhöyuk, 131, 132–3, 161
    Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World, 92
    catastrophes/disasters, 23–47, 90, 154–9, 160–2, 263, 472, 473, 480, 503, 514, 517
    Cato, 174
    cattle, 34, 110, 111, 115, 122, 126, 141, 290–2, 297, 456, 464, 508, 509, 543 see also bull; cows; oxen
    Caucasus, 137, 177, 286–7
    Cauvin, Jacques, 129–30, 131–2, 136–7, 137–8, 149, 227, 249
    cavalry, 296, 299, 325, 338, 358
    cave art, 48, 49 , 50, 116–17, 117 , 118, 122–3, 136, 290
    caves, 116–18, 390, 401 see also cave art; names of caves
    Celsus, 346
    cenotes, 390
    Central America see Mesoamerica/Central America
    Central Asia, 5, 6, 8, 19, 23, 39, 42, 43, 83, 100, 101, 177, 200, 510, 511 see also names of countries
    ceramics/pottery, 29, 112–13, 114, 115, 166–8, 168 , 170–1, 174, 178, 182, 183, 186, 189, 222, 223, 231, 255, 302, 308, 312, 318, 381, 386, 387, 399, 406–7
    cereals, 105, 106, 107–8, 109, 113, 125–6, 127, 130, 137, 150, 180, 505–6 see also names of cereals
    Cerro El Plomo, 491
    Cerro de los Minas, 484
    Cerros, 393–4
    Certasin, 239
    Ceylon, 462
    chacmools, 474
    Chaco Canyon, 404, 405–6
    Chac Tlaloc, 414 see also Tlaloc
    Chagas’ disease, 542
    Chalcatzingo, 228 , 230, 302, 304–5
    Chaldea, 160
    Chaldean Revelation, 346
    Chaliand, Gérard, 287, 294, 295
    Champa, 462
    Champagne, 462
    Chanca, 488
    Chao Phraya delta, 30, 104
    chariot, 142, 280–3, 285, 293, 296, 298–9, 325, 338, 358–9, 509, 510
    charioteers, 282
    Charlemagne, 451
    Charvát, Petr, 262
    chasquis , 215
    Chasséen, 152
    Chavín/Chavín de Huantá, 99, 186, 201, 229, 230–1, 310, 312–23, 381, 388, 429, 513, 541
    cheese, 148
    Cheng, 336
    Cherokees, 218
    Cheyenne, 54
    Chiapas, 196, 223, 436, 524
    Chichén-Itzá, 232–3, 390, 423, 424, 428, 470, 472, 484
    chichi / chicha beer, 186, 188, 222, 387
    Chichimec, 474
    chicken pox, 542
    chickpeas, 125
    Chihuahuan desert, 201
    Chilam Balam , 413
    Childe, V. Gordon, 129
    children, 251–2, 268 see also child sacrifice
    child sacrifice, 161, 306–7, 311, 342–3, 348, 349, 367, 429, 431, 433, 481, 482, 483, 491–2, 513, 515, 516
    Chile, 16, 70, 83, 90, 93, 94, 182, 185, 205, 210, 249–54, 255, 432, 487, 491
    Chillón River, 267
    Chillón Valley, 310
    Chimu, 429, 492
    China, xxviii, 5, 10, 14, 19, 20, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 37, 43, 46, 78, 85, 87–8, 89, 93, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 108, 112, 114, 124, 141, 146, 148, 156, 157, 161, 174, 178, 205, 255, 257, 279, 280, 282, 286, 287, 288, 291, 294, 295, 324, 333–40, 350, 365, 370, 377, 381, 447, 449, 459, 460, 461, 462–3, 464, 529
    Chinantecs, 198
    Chincha River, 381
    Chinchorro, 249–54, 255, 256, 268, 307
    Chinese (language), 101
    Chinook, 441
    Chipawyan people, 9
    Chiriguanes, 532
    Chocano, Daniel Morales, 312
    Chocó, 228
    chocolate see cacao
    Cholollan, 470
    Christianity, 51, 98, 175, 345, 346, 347, 352, 353, 354–5, 356, 379, 444–55, 457, 465, 500, 510, 519–20, 523, 524, 526, 531, 532
    Chu, 336
    Chuan-Muan, 422
    Chukchi, 7–8, 9, 23, 37, 51, 54
    Chukotka, 5
    Chukotskiy Poluostrov/Chukotskiy Peninsula, 6
    Chuncos, 532
    chun˜o , 182–3
    church, 211, 448–50, 451, 455
    Cihuacoahuatl, 217
    Cimmerians, 295
    Cipolla, Carlo M., 454, 455, 459
    Cistercians, 448, 455
    cities, early, 85, 255–70, 271–2
    Claros, 346
    Classic of Documents , 335
    Clavigero, Francisco Javier, 536
    Cleanthes, 346, 375
    Cleisthenes, 363
    Clement of Alexandria,