The Road to Santiago: Pilgrims of St. James

(Madrid, 1948), Vol. II, p. 523.

26 G. Moreno, El Arte Románico Español (Madrid, 1934), pp. 138-9.

27 Simon de Montfort’s fourth son of the same name became Earl of Leicester and married King Henry Ill’s sister. Religious, like his father, he possessed also military talents as well as political. He was killed in the Battle of Evesham in 1265.

28 The road by the Somport and the Hospice of Santa Cristina was not frequented by so many pilgrims when Béarn declared itself heretical and Henri Albret (1517-1555) seized the funds of the Hostels and Hospitals which hitherto had been given to the pilgrims.

29 G. Borrow, Romano Lavo-Lil (1874).

30 It is important to distinguish the small Original Band which, according to Bataillard, only reached four hundred, from the hordes of thousands which entered in 1438, headed by King Zundl and roamed through Germany, Italy and France.

31 These two documents, which are of interest to Gypsy scholars, come from Huesca, Archivo Histórico Provincial: No. 7,907. Protocolo de Sancho de Acto. Jaca (Ayuntamiento). They are quoted in full in Las Peregrinaciones a Santiago. Vol. Ill, pp. 20-2.

32 Ezekiel xxix. 12. 3 J. de Lacarra, op. cit., Vol. II., p. 425.

33 W. Manier, Pèlerinage d’un paysan Picard, éd. by le Baron de Bonnault d Hoüet (Montdidier, 1890).

34 For the text of this and other poems of Gonzalo de Berceo, consult Dámaso Alonso, Poesía de la Edad Media y poesía de tipo tradicional (Buenos Aires, 1942), pp. 52-68.

35 J. Fitzmaurice Kelly, op. cit., p. 13.

36 Diccionario de Literature española, Vol. I, 2nd ed. (Madrid, 1953), article on Berceo by R. Lapesa.

37 * J. Vielliard, ‘Voiatge de Nopar’.inLe Guide du Pèlerin de St. Jacques ( Macon, 1938), pp. 132-40.

38 Manier, op. cit., p. 58.

39 Madame D’Aulnoy, Relation du Voyage d’Espagne, Vol. I, pp. 122-3.

40 Fabié, Viajes por España de Jorge de Eighen del barón Lev de Rozmital de Blatna, etc. (Madrid, 1879), pp. 52-9.

41 J. M. Lacarra, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 479. He notes that the word Franco was used with two meanings in the ancient documents: (1) Free, exempt, privileged; (2) of French stock. In the documents of the tenth and eleventh centuries the second meaning is generally designated by the word francigenae or ‘foreign’.

42 There was also a hill outside Jerusalem which the French pilgrims of the tenth to the thirteenth centuries used to call Monjoie because from its summit they saw the Holy City. So, too, the Mons Malus, whence one can see Rome, was called Monjoie. A. Apraiz, La Cultura de las Perigrinaciones (Madrid, 1942), p. 22.

43 C. Vigil, Colección Diplomático del Ayuntamiento de Oviedo (1889), p. 67.

44 Campomanes, Disertaciones históricas del Orden y cavallería de los templarios (Madrid, 1747), p. 81.

45 G. G. King, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 431.

46 Lopez Ferreiro, Historia de la Iglesia de Santiago, Vol. IV, p. 299.

* Rev. J. S. Stone, The Cult of Santiago (London, 1927), pp. 299-300.

* St. Matthew 20, 21-22.

* Georgiana Goddard King, The Way of St. James (New York, 1920), Vol. HI, pp. 299-300.

* Fray Lamberto de Zaragoza, Teatro Histórico de las Iglesias del Reyno de Aragón (Pamplona, 1782), Vol. II.

* W. Caxton, op. cit. In the seventeenth century the Licenciado Luis Molina in his description of the Kingdom of Galicia refers to the fierce cattle and the motive of the bulls driving the cart reminds us of St. James of Santiago in his Mithraistic functions. Many churches on the pilgrim road have altar-pieces celebrating this incident.

* Athanasius and Theodore, according to tradition.

* The oldest references to the circumstances accompanying the discovery of the sepulchre of St. James the Apostle are to be found in a document signed by the Bishop of Santiago Diego Pelaez and the Abbot of the monastery of St. Payo de Antealtares, San Fagildo in 1077. Lopez Ferreiro, Historia de la Santa Iglesia, A.M. de Santiago, Vol. III. App. 1.
    It should be noted that nothing whatever was said about the parchment document until it was mentioned in the Cronicon Irense in the twelfth century— that is to say, three hundred years after the revelation of the body.

* Marques de Lozoya, Santiago Patron de España (Madrid, 1940), pp. 96-7.

* op. cit., pp. 96-7.

* W. Burke, A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic (London, 1900).

* Quoted in J. S. Stone, op. cit., p. 163.

* R. Ford, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 664.

* R. Ford, op. cit., p. 665.

*