Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris

about Adolf being allowed to entertain studying art instead of earning his living. But once he had obtained funding, it was presumably more difficult for his mother to stand in his way of going to Vienna.
    140 . Binion,
Hitler among the Germans,
138–43; Binion, ‘Hitler’s Concept of Lebensraum’, 196–200; Bloch, 36; Jetzinger, 170–72; Smith, 105; Hamann, 46–8.
    141 . Hamann, 46–7.
    142 . Bloch, 36.
    143 . Bloch, 39.
    144 . Hamann, 47.
    145 .
MK,
18.
    146 . Hamann, 51–2. Maser,
Hitler,
75–7, 114, inverts the examinations procedures. Hamann, 51 (without source), refers to 112 candidates; Maser (75, 77, 114), with reference to information provided by the Academy itself, speaks of 113 candidates.
    147 . Maser,
Hitler,
77. Among those who failed alongside Hitler was a subsequent rector of the Academy. See also Hamann, 52.
    148 .
MK,
18–19 (trans.,
MK
Watt, 18).
    149 .
MK,
19 (trans.,
MK
Watt, 18–19); and see Smith, 108–10. Orr,
Revue,
Nr 43, 40–41 (followed by Maser,
Hitler,
78, and L.Sydney Jones,
Hitlers Weg begann in Wien,
Frankfurt am Main/Berlin, 1990, 64) has Hitler applying, after his rejection by the Academy of Fine Arts, for entry to the school of architecture, but the assertion is unsupported by any evidence. Even the most tentative inquiry would have revealed – as Hitler must surely have known – that he did not possess even the minimal qualifications for entry.
    150 . Kubizek, 133. Allegations that Hitler’s antisemitism had its source in his rejection by Jewish examiners at the Academy are wide of the mark. Both Waite, 190, and Jones, 317, speak of four Jews among his examiners. In fact, none of the Academy’s professors involved in rejecting Hitler was Jewish (Hamann, 53).
    151 .Hamann, 53; Binion,
Hitler among the Germans,
139; IfZ, MA-731 (= HA, 1),’Adolf Hitler in Urfahr.’
    152 . NA, NND-88I077, 3;Bloch, 39. See also Kubizek, 138–41. Jetzinger’s account, 176–81, claiming that Hitler did not return to Linz before his mother’s death was at least in part aimed at discrediting Kubizek. However, both Paula Hitler and Dr Bloch independently confirm that Adolf was present while his mother was dying, thus lending support to Kubizek’s account, despite its containing a number of factual inaccuracies. Smith, 110 and n.54, follows Jetzinger. See Waite, 180–83, and Hamann, 84–5.
    153 . Jetzinger, 179; Hamann, 54. According to two witnesses, Adolf sketched his mother on her deathbed (Bloch, 39; IfZ, MA-731 (= HA, Reel 1), ‘Adolf Hitler in Urfahr’).
    154 . Bloch, 39. Dr Bloch went on to mention Adolf’s avowed lasting gratitude. Hitler subsequently sent Dr Bloch a number of picture-postcards and a present of a picture he had painted (Bloch, pt.II,
Colliers,
22 March 1941, 69–70; Hamann, 56). After the Anschluß, Dr Bloch appealed to Hitler and was granted relatively favourable treatment. Even so, he lost his livelihood, was forced to emigrate to the USA, and died in straitened circumstances in New York in 1945 (Bloch, pt.II, 72–3; Hamann, 56–7).
    155 .
MK,
16 (trans.,
MK
Watt, 17).
    156 . Jetzinger, 181.
    157 .
MK,
16–17 (trans.,
MK
Watt, 17).
    158 .
MK,
19–20 (trans.,
MK
Watt, 19).
    159 . Jetzinger, 180; Hamann, 55; Marckhgott, 272.
    160 . Hamann, 58, 85.
    161 . E.g. Maser,
Hitler,
81. See Hamann, 58.
    162 . Jetzinger, 180–82, 185–9; Smith, 111–12.
    163 . NA, NND-881077, 4; Jetzinger, 182, 186–7.
    164 . Jetzinger, 187.
    165 . Marckhgott, 271.
    166 . Kubizek, 146–55; Jetzinger, 189–92; Smith, 114–15.
    167 . IfZ, MA-731 (= HA, Reel 1), ‘Adolf Hitler in Urfahr’.

CHAPTER 5: THE BEERHALL AGITATOR
    1 . MK, 388.
    2 . Tyrell,
Trommler,
274 n. 151.
    3 . Hoffmann, 46.
    4 . This strategic framework is broadly encapsulated in MK, 364–88; see also Tyrell,
Trommler,
171; and Tyrell, ‘Wie er der “Führer” wurde’, 27–30.
    5 . Text of the letter in JK, 88–90.
    6 . For sharply differing views on this point, see the contributions by Klaus Hildebrand and Hans Mommsen on ‘Nationalsozialismus oder Hitlerismus?’, to Bosch (ed.),
Persönlichkeit und Struktur in der Geschichte,
55–71.
    7 . Stern,
Hitler,
12.
    8 . Tyrell,
Trommler,
19–20.
    9 . Whiteside, esp. ch.5; and see Karl Dietrich Bracher,
The German Dictatorship,
Harmondsworth, 1973, 74–80.
    10 .
Hitler-Prozeß,
19;
JK,
1062; and see Tyrell,
Trommler,
187–8 n.29.
    11 .
RSA,
II, 49, Dok.24 and n.2; Bracher, 80; the background is outlined in Bruce F. Pauley,
Hitler and the Forgotten