Modern Mind

MacKillop,
F. R. Leavis, Op. cit.,
pages 15 and 17ff.
    13. F. R. Leavis,
The Great Tradition,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1948; F. R. Leavis.
The Common Pursuit,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1952.
    14. See Leavis,
The Common Pursuit,
chapter 14, for the links between sociology and literature, which Leavis was sceptical about; and chapter 23 for ‘Approaches to T. S. Eliot,’ where he counts ‘Ash Wednesday’ as the work which changed Eliot’s standing. (And see the Conclusion of this book, below, page 750.)
    15. MacKillop, Op.
cit.,
page 111. See in particular chapter 8, pages 263ff, on the future of criticism.
    16. Lionel Trilling,
The Liberal Imagination,
New York: Macmillan, 1948 London: Secker & Warburg, 1951.
    17.
Ibid.,
page 34.
    18.
Ibid.,
pages 288ff.
    19.
Henry S. Commager, The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s, New York: Oxford University Press, 1950.
    20.
Ibid.,
pages 199ff and 227fr
    21.
Ibid.,
pages 176–177.
    22.
Ibid.,
pages 378ff.
    23. Jamison and Eyerman,
Seeds of the Sixties, Op. cit.,
pages 150–151.
    24.
Ibid.,
page 150.
    25. Trilling’s wife described the relationship as ‘quasi-Oedipal.’ See: Graham Caveney,
Screaming with Joy: The Life of Allen Ginsberg,
London: Bloomsbury, 1999, page 33.
    26. Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 152.
    27. Barry Miles,
Ginsberg: A Biography,
New York: Viking, 1990, page 196.
    28.
Ibid.,
page 192.
    29. Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 156.
    30.
Ibid.,
pages 158–159.
    31. See Miles, Op.
cit.,
page 197 for Ferlinghetti’s reaction to the
Howl
reading.
    32. Ann Charters,
Kerouac: A Biography,
London: André Deutsch, 1974, pages 24–25. Kerouac broke his leg and never reached the first team, a failure, she says, that he never came to terms with.
    33. Jack Kerouac, On
the Road,
New York: Viking, 1957, Penguin paperback 1991, Introduction by Ann Charters, page x.
    34.
Ibid.,
pages viii and ix.
    35.
Ibid.,
page xx.
    36.
Charters, Kerouac: A Biography, Op. cit., pages 92–97.
    37. Kerouac took so much benzedrine in 1945 that he developed thrombophlebitis in his legs. See
ibid.,
page 52.
    38. For a brief history of bepop, see: Gerald Nicosia,
Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac,
New York: Grove Press, 1983, page 112. Regarding the argument, they made up later, ‘sort of. See pages 690–691.
    39. Charters, ‘Introduction,’
Op. cit.,
page xxviii.
    40. See: Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 159.
    41. Alan Freed interview in
New Musical Express,
23 September 1956, quoted in: Richard Aquila,
That Old Time Rock’n’Roll: A Chronicle of an Era, 1954–1963,
New York: Schirmer, 1989, page 5.
    42. Donald Clarke,
The Rise and Fall of Popular Music,
New York: Viking, 1995, Penguin 1995, page 373.
    43. Aquila, Op.
cit.,
page 6.
    44. Clarke,
Op. cit.,
page 370, which says it was definitely not the first.
    45. It wasn’t only imitation of course. See: Simon Frith,
Performing Rites: Evaluating Popular Music,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 195, for Presley’s sexuality.
    46. Aquila, Op.
cit.,
page 8.
    47. See Frith, Op.
cit., passim,
for charts and popular music marketing categories.
    48. Arnold Goldman, ‘A Remnant to Escape: The American Writer and the Minority Group,’ in Marcus Cunliffe (editor),
The Penguin History of Literature, Op. cit.,
pages 302–303.
    49. Ralph Ellison,
Invisible Man,
London: Gollancz, 1953, Penguin 1965. Goldman, Op.
cit.,
page 303.
    50. Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 160.
    51. James Campbell,
Talking at the Gates: A Life of James Baldwin,
London: Faber & Faber, 1991, page 117.
    52. Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 163.
    53. Campbell, Op.
cit.,
page 228.
    54.
Ibid.,
page 125, quoted in Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 166.
    55. Colin MacInness,
Absolute Beginners,
London:Allison & Busby, 1959;
Mr Love and Justice,
London: Allison & Busby, 1960.
    56. See for example: Michael Dash, ‘Marvellous Realism: The Way out of Négritude,’ in Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin (editors)
The Post-Colonial Studies Reader,
London and New York: Routledge, 1995, page 199.
    57. Ezenwa-Ohaeto,
Chinua Achebe: A Biography,
Oxford: James Currey and Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1997, page 60. See also: Gilbert Phelps, ‘Two Nigerian Writers: Chinua Achebe and Wole Soyinka,’ in Boris Ford (editor),
The New Pelican Guide to English Literature, volume 8: From Orwell to Naipaul,
London: Penguin, 1983, pages