The Complete Aristotle (eng.)

the
Arbitrator may appeal to the whole board of Arbitrators, and if
they find the magistrate guilty, the law enacts that he shall lose
his civil rights. The persons thus condemned have, however, in
their turn an appeal. The Eponymi are also used in reference to
military expeditions; when the men of military age are despatched
on service, a notice is put up stating that the men from such-and
such an Archon and Eponymus to such-and such another Archon and
Eponymus are to go on the expedition.
54
    The following magistrates also are elected by lot: Five
Commissioners of Roads (Hodopoei), who, with an assigned body of
public slaves, are required to keep the roads in order: and ten
Auditors, with ten assistants, to whom all persons who have held
any office must give in their accounts. These are the only officers
who audit the accounts of those who are subject to examination, and
who bring them up for examination before the law-courts. If they
detect any magistrate in embezzlement, the jury condemn him for
theft, and he is obliged to repay tenfold the sum he is declared to
have misappropriated. If they charge a magistrate with accepting
bribes and the jury convict him, they fine him for corruption, and
this sum too is repaid tenfold. Or if they convict him of unfair
dealing, he is fined on that charge, and the sum assessed is paid
without increase, if payment is made before the ninth prytany, but
otherwise it is doubled. A tenfold fine is not doubled.
    The Clerk of the prytany, as he is called, is also elected by
lot. He has the charge of all public documents, and keeps the
resolutions which are passed by the Assembly, and checks the
transcripts of all other official papers and attends at the
sessions of the Council. Formerly he was elected by open vote, and
the most distinguished and trustworthy persons were elected to the
post, as is known from the fact that the name of this officer is
appended on the pillars recording treaties of alliance and grants
of consulship and citizenship. Now, however, he is elected by lot.
There is, in addition, a Clerk of the Laws, elected by lot, who
attends at the sessions of the Council; and he too checks the
transcript of all the laws. The Assembly also elects by open vote a
clerk to read documents to it and to the Council; but he has no
other duty except that of reading aloud.
    The Assembly also elects by lot the Commissioners of Public
Worship (Hieropoei) known as the Commissioners for Sacrifices, who
offer the sacrifices appointed by oracle, and, in conjunction with
the seers, take the auspices whenever there is occasion. It also
elects by lot ten others, known as Annual Commissioners, who offer
certain sacrifices and administer all the quadrennial festivals
except the Panathenaea. There are the following quadrennial
festivals: first that of Delos (where there is also a sexennial
festival), secondly the Brauronia, thirdly the Heracleia, fourthly
the Eleusinia, and fifthly the Panathenaea; and no two of these are
celebrated in the same place. To these the Hephaestia has now been
added, in the archonship of Cephisophon.
    An Archon is also elected by lot for Salamis, and a Demarch for
Piraeus. These officers celebrate the Dionysia in these two places,
and appoint Choregi. In Salamis, moreover, the name of the Archon
is publicly recorded.
55
    All the foregoing magistrates are elected by lot, and their
powers are those which have been stated. To pass on to the nine
Archons, as they are called, the manner of their appointment from
the earliest times has been described already. At the present day
six Thesmothetae are elected by lot, together with their clerk, and
in addition to these an Archon, a King, and a Polemarch. One is
elected from each tribe. They are examined first of all by the
Council of Five Hundred, with the exception of the clerk. The
latter is examined only in the lawcourt, like other magistrates
(for all magistrates, whether elected by lot or by open vote, are
examined before entering on their offices); but the nine Archons
are examined both in the Council and again in the law-court.
Formerly no one could hold the office if the Council rejected him,
but now there is an appeal to the law-court, which is the final
authority in the matter of the examination. When they are examined,
they are asked, first, ‘Who is your father, and of what deme? who
is your father’s father? who is your mother? who is your mother’s
father, and of what deme?’ Then the candidate is asked whether