Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

146–47
    shootings of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin and, 232, 233–34, 241, 242
    tense relations between W. McCall and, 221–22, 227
    writes Brown v. Board of Education briefs, 335
    Alexander, Carol, failure to testify in W. Irvin’s retrial, 295
    Allison, Bill (prison camp warden), 62
    Altamonte Springs, Florida, 37
    American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 204
    Anderson, Marian, 28
    Appeals process, T. Marshall’s strategy of establishing precedent in, 48–49, 123
    Archer, Roy (judge), 187
    Armstrong, Louis, 23, 24, 29
    Arnall, Ellis (Georgia governor), 259
    Askew, Reubin (Florida governor), 357
    Assaults on blacks by law enforcement officers, 53, 55–56. See also Lynchings of blacks
    beating and blinding of Isaac Woodard, 21 , 111, 120–23
    beatings of Groveland Boys Shepherd, Irvin, and Greenlee, 73–74, 127–32, 135, 138–42, 147, 184–85, 259–62
    manhunt and killing of E. Thomas, 113–14, 115–19, 126, 131
    shooting of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin ( see Groveland Boys, shootings of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin)
    Associated Press, 295
    Association of Georgia Klans, 86, 91
    Axilrod, Eric (labor organizer), 80–81

    Baker, Constance. See Motley, Constance Baker
    Baltimore African American , 330, 331
    Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 2
    Bates, Clyde (deputy sheriff, Broward County, FL), 277
    Baya, Harry (National Guard Lt. Colonel), Groveland mob violence and, 93, 98–99
    Bay Lake, Florida, 34, 36
    Bell, Robert Cecil, 263
    Belvin, Tillman “Curly,” 357
    Bennett, Herman (criminologist)
    prosecutor’s attack on credibility of, 316
    testimony in trial of W. Irvin, 311–14, 315, 323, 325, 356
    Biddle, Francis (U.S. Attorney General), 30–31, 104
    Binneveld, Geoffrey (physician)
    appeal for W. Irvin stay of execution and, 341–42
    examination of and report on Norma Padgett, 142–43, 150–52, 162
    J. Hunter’s failure to call to testify, 268
    Black, Hugo (Supreme Court Justice), 53–54, 70, 196, 342
    Black, Lucille (NAACP official), 201
    Black migratory labor, citrus industry and, 77–81
    Black-owned property, white mob violence and destruction of, 92–93, 95–97, 108
    Blair, Collis (Methodist clergyman), doubts about N. Padgett rape story, 161–62
    Blair, Julius, 11–12
    Blair, Sol, 13, 20
    Blue Flame (club), 73, 114, 149
    Blue Moon (club), 114
    B’nai B’rith, Ku Klux Klan attacks on, 265
    Bogar, William “Bill” Jackson, 91, 93, 173
    as FBI informant from within KKK, 184
    Bolita lottery game, 78–79, 247
    Ernest Thomas as peddler of, 114–15
    Henry Singleton and Sheriff W. McCall’s control of Lake County, 78–79, 114, 167
    Bolles, Marie (newspaper editor), 236, 237
    Bowen, Reeves (Florida assistant attorney general), 216, 218, 342
    Bowles, Bryant, 341
    Branch, Bobbie (NAACP office manager), 198
    Brandenberg, Clarence, 359
    Brandenburg v. Ohio , 359
    Brandon, F. R. (judge), 227
    Briggs v. Elliott , 203, 288, 333–34, 335
    Brooklyn, Earl, 357
    Brown v. Board of Education , 4, 203, 333, 335, 336–40
    Buie, A. P. “Sam” (Florida assistant state attorney), 235
    claims conspiracy between J. Hunter and W. McCall to kill Groveland Boys, 344–45
    role as prosecutor in W. Irvin retrial, 312–14, 315, 316, 330
    Bullets as evidence in shootings of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin, 251–52, 255, 263, 268
    Bumpus, Paul F. (Tennessee district attorney general), Columbia Race Riot trial and, 7–9
    Bunin, Norman (news reporter), his investigation of Groveland Boys case, and exposé in St. Petersburg Times , 199–200, 204, 222
    Burtoft, Charlotte (mother of Lawrence Burtoft), 212–13, 309
    Burtoft, Lawrence, 321
    attempt to remove J. Hunter from retrial of W. Irvin for failure to include testimony of, 267–68
    as critical witness in Groveland Boys retrial, 225, 230, 295, 299–300, 307
    encounter with N. Padgett following alleged rape, 59–60, 212–13
    interviewed by reporter N. Bunin, 199
    N. Padgett’s testimony on, 298
    prosecutor J. Hunter’s attack on character of, 316
    relationship of, with C. Howard, 305
    testimony in W. Irvin retrial, 307–10, 324
    Byrd, Daniel Ellis (NAACP field secretary), 47, 201, 249, 272

    Caldwell, Millard (Florida governor), 79, 108
    Campbell, Alexander (assistant attorney general), 142–43
    Campbell, Leroy (deputy sheriff, Lake County, FL), 62, 88, 304
    beating of C. Greenlee by, 73–75, 130–31, 135, 138–42, 184–85
    beating of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin by, 124–25, 127–30, 135, 138–42, 184–85, 259–62
    FBI investigation of, 138–42, 194–95
    grand jury