Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

and W. Irvin by, 241, 244–45, 256
    investigation of Washington, D.C. gambling, 258–59
    Klan membership of, 259, 261, 262
    response of, to H. T. Moore assassination, 279, 280, 281, 282
    warns T. Marshall about threats, 290–91
    Ellison, Ralph, 25
    Equal pay, NAACP lawsuit for teacher, 107
    Ervin, Richard W. (Florida attorney general), response to U.S. Supreme Court decision on Groveland Boys case, 220
    Eustis Lake Region News , 236
    Evans, Wesley, 91, 129, 184
    FBI investigation of, 138–42

    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 27
    criticized for failure to investigate lynchings, 110–11
    finds physician who examined Norma Padgett, 151
    informants for, 184, 248
    investigation of civil rights violations by Sheriff W. McCall, 80, 141–42, 184, 284
    investigation of Groveland Boys beatings, 138–42, 184, 194–95, 260–62
    investigation of H. T. Moore assassination, 277, 280, 282, 284, 357
    investigation of shootings of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin, 234–35, 236, 254, 263–64, 268, 284
    protection of Thurgood Marshall provided by, 283–84
    Feminism, Thurgood Marshall’s, 46–47
    Ferguson, Thomas Virgil, 228
    Field, Marshall, III, 335
    Fisher, Bill (chief of police), 227
    Fleming, Billy, 11
    Florida
    demographic shift in, during mid-1950s, and resulting social and economic changes, 343–44
    effect of H. T. Moore assassination on economy of, 279
    lynchings in, 3, 100–105, 108
    peonage system in citrus industry, and black labor, 76–81, 96–97, 132–33, 212
    Florida Foods Corporation, 76
    Florida State prison. See Raiford, Florida State Prison at
    Florida Supreme Court, Groveland Boys trial verdicts and appeals to, 191, 194, 335, 336, 341–42
    Florida Writers’ Project, 259
    Fordham, William (attorney), 127
    Frankfurter, Felix (Supreme Court justice), 190, 191, 217
    Franklin, John Hope, 336–37
    Fruitland Park rape case, 356
    Fryar, Mack, 79–80
    Futch, Truman G. (judge), 109, 145 174, 213
    access to W. Irvin in hospital limited by, 234–35, 238
    Groveland Boys rape trial and role of, 137, 143, 146, 148, 156–57, 162, 167, 169, 173, 180, 183
    Groveland Boys (W. Irvin) retrial and role of, 267–69, 286, 287–302, 308, 312, 314–16, 320, 324, 327, 332
    orders W. McCall to transport W. Irvin to court following shooting, 262–63
    presides over grand jury investigation of clemency for W. Irvin, 354–55
    removes T. Marshall and J. Greenberg from Irvin defense team, 269, 270–71
    response to U.S. Supreme Court decision, 220
    shootings of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin, and response of, 241, 253, 254, 255

    Gambling
    bolita lottery game in Lake County, FL, 78–79, 114–15
    Florida Governor F. Warren and, 247–48
    in Harlem, 26, 28
    in Washington, D.C., 258–59
    Gilbert, Leon, 208
    Goff, Cynthia, 101–2
    Goff, Phil, lynching of W. Howard and, 102, 104
    Graham, Edward T. (Baptist clergyman), 270
    Graham, Jimmie, 173
    Green, Samuel, 86
    Greenberg, Jack (Legal Defense Fund attorney), 49, 181, 182, 186, 202, 203, 210 , 230, 303 , 358
    fund-raising speeches made by, 334
    Groveland Boys case and trial, and role of, 194, 205, 215, 222, 224, 226, 246, 262
    Groveland Boys retrial (W. Irvin) and role of, 270–71, 284–88, 292, 293, 296, 327, 338
    interaction with J. Hunter about W. McCall, 315
    McLaurin and Sweatt cases and work of, 189, 190, 198
    removed from defending W. Irvin, 269
    shootings of S. Shepherd and W. Irvin and work of, 232–34, 241, 246
    witnesses Ku Klux Klan rally, 285–86
    Greenlee, Charles (Groveland Boy), 64–68, 72 , 73, 167
    appeal to Florida Supreme Court, 193
    beating of, by law enforcement officers, 73–75, 127, 130–31, 135, 138–42, 184–85
    coerced confession from, 179–80
    friendship with E. Thomas, 64–65
    indictment against, 109
    interviewed by F. Williams, 130–31
    jailed by Groveland police, 65–68
    Legal Defense Fund decision not to include in appeal, 182–83
    life after prison sentence, 357–58
    moved to prevent lynching, 88
    sentencing of, 180
    trial testimony, 169–71
    Griffin, Noel (deputy sheriff, Lake County, FL), 356
    Groveland, Florida, 34
    white mob violence in, following N. Padgett rape report, 62–68, 72–73, 84–99, 108–9, 161
    Groveland Boys, 3, 72 . See also Greenlee, Charles; Groveland Boys rape case and trial; Irvin, Walter; Shepherd, Samuel; Thomas, Ernest
    beatings of, by law enforcement, 73–74, 127–32, 135, 138–42, 147, 184–85, 259–62
    indictments against, 109
    initial encounter with Padgetts, 36–39
    physician’s examination