Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris

1919–1933,
London/Sydney, 1986, 232.
    2 . See Jürgen Falter, Thomas Lindenberger and Siegfried Schumann (eds.),
Wahlen und Abstimmungen in der Weimarer Republik. Materialien zum Wahlverhalten,
Munich, 1986, 45.
    3 . See Detlev J. K. Peukert,
Die Weimarer Republik, Krisenjahre der Klassischen Moderne,
Frankfurt am Main, 1987, 125, 132ff., 141–2, 176; Petzina, Abelshauser and Faust (eds.),
Sozialgeschichtliches Arbeitsbuch, Band III,
61, 98, 114–15, 125, 137. The extensive improvements in the framework of a welfare state are dealt with in Ludwig Preller,
Sozialpolitik in der Weimarer Republik,
Düsseldorf (1949), 1978.
    4 . See Peter Gay,
Weimar Culture,
London, 1969.
    5 . Peukert,
Die Weimarer Republik,
175–6.
    6 . See Michael Kater,
Different Drummers. Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany,
New York/Oxford, 1992, 3–28, for the spread of jazz in the Weimar Republic.
    7 . BHStA, MA 102 137, RPvOB, HMB, 18 February 1928, S.I.
    8 . Tyrell,
Führer,
382.
    9 . Tyrell,
Führer,
352. The figures given by the party did not take account of those leaving, and are therefore too high.
    10 . A point made by Dietrich Orlow,
The History of the Nazi Party, vol. 1, 1919–33,
Newton Abbot, 1971, 76, of the 1926 party.
    11 . Tyrell,
Trommler,
171.
    12 . Hanfstaengl,
15 Jahre,
163; Lüdecke, 252.
    13 . Hanfstaengl had on a visit to Landsberg encouraged Hitler to take some physicalexercise and play some sport to reduce the weight he was putting on. Hitler rejected the idea on the grounds that ‘a leader cannot afford to be beaten by his followers – not even in gymnastic exercises or in games’ (Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
157).
    14 . Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
164. On Hitler’s later strict vegetarianism, and the varied explanations he and others gave for this, see Schenck, 27–42.
    15 . Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
166–7.
    16 .
Monologe,
260–61, 453, n. 170. Hitler had moaned to Hanfstaengl at Christmas that
‘mein Rudi, mein Hessen’
was still in prison (Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
165).
    17 .
Monologe,
261 (where Hitler remarked that Held had been decent to him at their meeting and that he had later, therefore, ‘done nothing to him’); Karl Schwend,
Bayern zwischen Monarchie und Diktatur,
Munich, 1954, 298; Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
169; Lüdecke, 255; Margarethe Ludendorff, 271–4.
    18 . Jochmann,
Nationalsozialismus und Revolution,
193–4.
    19 . Schwend, 298. And see Jablonsky, 155 and 218–19 n.166–7.
    20 . Hanfstaengl, 15
Jahre,
170. The ban automatically ceased with the lifting of the Bavarian state of emergency (Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
245).
    21 . Tyrell,
Führer,
89–93, letter of the later Gauleiter of Pomerania (1927–31), Walther von Corswant-Cuntzow. See also Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
242–3, based on an account in the
Münchener Post,
4 February 1925; and Jablonsky, 156. For Reventlow’s public attack on Hitler soon after the
‘Preußentagung’,
see Horn,
Marsch,
213.
    22 . Tyrell,
Führer,
92.
    23 . Horn,
Marsch,
216 and no.23.
    24 . Horn,
Marsch,
212 n.6.
    25 . Jochmann,
Nationalsozialismus und Revolution,
193–4. In a private letter in July 1925 dealing with Hitler’s relationship with Ludendorff, Rudolf Heß wrote: ‘Herr Hitler never authorized his Excellency Ludendorff to lead the National Socialist Movement. Herr Hitler repeatedly requested his Excellency to withdraw from the petty political dispute immediately after the trial. His Excellency L[udendorff] should retain his name for the nation and not enter it and use it up on behalf of a small party’ (Sonderarchiv Moscow, 1355-I-2, Fol.75, Heß to Kurt Günther, 29 July 1925).
    26 . Tyrell,
Führer,
93–4.
    27 . Horn,
Marsch,
213 and n.13, 214 and n.14; Jablonsky, 158; Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
245. The DNVP immediately reformed itself as the DNVB (Deutschvölkische Freiheitsbewegung).
    28 . Tyrell,
Führer,
104.
    29 . Tyrell,
Führer,
71.
    30 . Hitler rejected the term
‘völkisch’
as unclear. – RSA, I, 3. Despite his statement, some sympathizers of his Movement were still unclear about the attitude towards religion. On his behalf, Rudolf Heß answered a letter from a Fräulein Ilse Harff from Chemnitz on 22 May 1925 by stating that ‘Herr Hitler has never opposed the Christian religion of any denomination, merely parties calling themselves Christianwhich misuse the Christian religion for political purposes’ (Sonderarchiv Moscow, 1355/I/2, Fol.127).
    31 .
RSA,
I, 1–6.
    32 . Lüdecke, 248.
    33 .
RSA,
I, 9.
    34 . Longerich,
Die braunen