Jerusalem. The Biography

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire
, 230–3. William of Tyre,
Deeds Done Beyond the Sea
(henceforth William of Tyre) 1.64–5. Gift to Charlemagne: Lyons,
House of Wisdom
45. On legend see: Anon.,
Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne à Jérusalem et à Constantinople
. Charlemagne as David: Wickham 381.
9 Maamun. Climax of Arab culture – marriage of al-Maamun and Buran: Ibn Khaldun 139. Maamun: Kennedy,
Court of the Caliphs
252–260; House of Wisdom, 6,000 books: Wickham 324–31; Lyons,
House of Wisdom
62–70 and 89–90. Inscription of Maamun on al-Aqsa: Nasir-i-Khusrau,
Diary of a Journey through Syria and Palestine
. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 182. Abbasid Haram: Kaplony,
Sacred Esplanade
101–31.Abbasid culture: Kennedy,
Conquests
84–129; Tahirids and Abd Allah ibn Tahir liberates Jerusalem 91 and 203; sumptuous marriage 168; singing girls 173; Maamun in Syria and Egypt 208–9 and death 211–12. Maamun and House of Wisdom, 6,000 books: Wickham 324–31. Translation of Greek texts: Kennedy,
Court of the Caliphs
252–60.
10 Destruction of dynasty prestige and rise of Persian/Turk
ghulam
: Ibn Khaldun 124; title of sultan, Abbasids lose power 155 and 193; decay of Abbasids 165–6. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 182–3. Al-Mutasim, peasant revolts 840s, Turkish
ghulam
: Kennedy,
Court of the Caliphs
213–17;
dhimmi
forced to wear yellow clothing by Caliph al-Mutawwakil in 850 240. Peasant revolt 841: Duri in Asali,
Jerusalem
113; Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 182. Khazar debate: see K. A. Brook,
The Jews of Khazaria
; A. Koestler,
The Thirteenth Tribe
; S. Sand,
The Invention of the Jewish People
; on the latest findings on Jewish genetics: ‘Studies Show Jews’ Genetic Similiarity’,
New York Times
9 June 2010.
11 Ibn Tulun and Tulunids: Thierry Bianquis, ‘Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Tulun to Kafur 868–969’, in Carl F. Petry (ed.),
Cambridge History of Egypt
, vol 1:
Islamic Egypt 640–1517
(henceforth
CHE
1) 86–108; the Carmatian rebellion 106–8; special role of Jerusalem 103. Karaites: Norman Stillman, ‘The Non-Muslim Communities: The Jewish Community’, in
CHE
1.200. Rise of Karaites: Mann 1.60–5.
The Turkish amir Amjur and son Ali ruled Palestine for the Abbasids from 869 and were praised by Patriarch Theodosius for tolerance: Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 183. Kennedy,
Court of the Caliphs
84–111. Khazars: Brook,
The Jews of Khazaria
96–8; Mann, 1.64. Gideon Avni: conversations with author, Khazar synagogue in Jewish Quarter quoted in Geniza. Khazars respect Jerusalem Academy: Mann 1.64–5.
12 Ikhshids and Kafur: Bianquis,
CHE
1.109–19. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 183–4. Byzantine advance on Jerusalem: John Tzimiskes text in Peters,
Jerusalem
243.
13 Ibn Killis: Bianquis,
CHE
1.117. Stillman,
CHE
1.206. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 184.
14 Fatimids/Jawhar/Killis as vizier, Fatimids: Paul E. Walker, ‘The Ismaili Dawa and the Fatimid Caliphate’, in
CHE
1.120–48. Paula A. Sanders, ‘The Fatimid State’, in
CHE
1.151–4. Bianquis,
CHE
1.117. Messianic Fatimids: Wickham 336–8. Jewish potentates: Stillman,
CHE
1.206–7. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 184. On Killis, Jewish Governor of Palestine-Syria, Christian viziers: Goitein,
Mediterranean Society
1.33–4.
15 Paltiel/Jews and Christians in Jerusalem under the Fatimids. On Paltiel and places of prayer in Jerusalem: Ahima’as,
The Chronicle of Ahima’as
64–6, 95–7. Moses Maimonides,
Code of Maimonides
Book 8
Temple Service
12, 17 and 28–30. On Paltiel and family: Mann, 1.252. Fatimids pay Jewish subsidy: Peters,
Jerusalem
276 – proved by al-Hakim’s cancellation. Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
: Jews in Jerusalem/Paltiel’s funeral attacked in 1011: 144–50, 162–8. Mourners of Zion/call for aliyah by Daniel al Kumisi: Peters,
Jerusalem
227–9; Karaites 229–32. Moshe Gil, ‘Aliyah and Pilgrimage in Early Arab Period’, in
Cathedra
3.162–73. Jewish Academy: Peters,
Jerusalem
232–3; poverty and begging letters 233–4; place of worship – Mount of Olives – Geniza says above Absalom’s monuments 603. Pilgrimage – aura of distinction and Jewish/Christian emulation of Muslims: Goitein,
Mediterranean Society
1.55 Stillman,
CHE
1.201–9. Christian pilgrimages from Egypt: Ibn al-Qalanisi,
Continuation of the Chronicle of Damascus
(henceforth Qalanisi) 65–7. Duri in Asali,
Jerusalem
118–19.
16 Al-Muqaddasi and Islamic Jerusalem under the Fatimids: quotations are from Muqaddasi – on beauty of Dome, Haram and al-Aqsa 41–68;