Jerusalem. The Biography

Esplanade
13. Palestine/Syria holy land: Koran 5.21. Jewish worship on Temple Mount: Miriam Frenkel, ‘Temple Mount in Jewish Thought’, in
Sacred Esplanade
346–8.
The Arabs and armies – elite, tactics, armies, motivation, poverty including camel hair mixed with blood: Ibn Khaldun 162–3; 126. Kennedy,
Conquests
40–2, 57–65; style of soldiers and female booty 111–13. Al-Tabari,
Tarikh
1.2269–77, 2411–24, 2442–4, 2457–63. These sources describe the Arab invaders of Persia just after the Palestinian conquest. Duri in Asali,
Jerusalem
105–9.
4 Muawiya: this portrait is based on R. Stephen Humphreys,
Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire
1–10 and 119–34; family 38–42; rise 43–53. Donner,
Muhammad
: Muawiya admired by Jews and Christians 141–3; Apocalypse 143–4; first civil war 145–70; reign of Muawiya 171–7; openness 87–9. Jews plan new Temple: Sebeos quoted in Guy Stroumsa, ‘Christian Memories and Visions of Jerusalem in Jewish and Islamic Context’, in
Sacred Esplanade
321–33 especially 329–30. Building on Temple Mount, Persian or early Islamic: Tsafrir, ‘70–638 CE: The Templeless Mountain’,
Sacred Esplanade
99. Jewish worship on Temple Mount ended by Caliph Omar ibn Abd al-Malik 717–20: Frenkel, ‘Temple Mount in Jewish Thought’,
Sacred Esplanade
346–8 Ibn Khaldun: on
bayah
166–7; change from theocratic to royal authority 160–8; Christian administration 192; Muawiya – develops the
mihrab
after attempted assassination 222; introduces sealing of letters 219; introduces throne due to fatness 216. Caesar of the Arabs: Rogerson 326. Mosque: Arculf, St Adamnan,
Pilgrimage of Arculfus in the Holy Land
1.1–23.
Lover of Israel (Muawiya) hews Temple Mount, built mosque – Simon ben Yahati quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
199–200; possibility of Muawiya making Jerusalem the capital of Arab empire/adapting Herodian platform from square to rectangular and lowering Antonia Fortress 201. Jewish Arabian food: S. D. Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
1.72. Apocalyptic Midrash and al-Mutahar ibn Tahir attribute building of prayer place on Temple Mount to Muawiya: Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 76. Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
50.
Administration by Christians: Mansur ibn Sargun: Burns,
Damascus
100–15. Administering Palestine: Rogerson 189–92, including quotation ‘I apply not my sword…’ Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 174.
Othman: Rogerson 233–87. Muawiya’s palaces: Humphreys,
Muawiya
10–12; politics of lineage 26–37.
Muawiya on Judgement Day/on Syria/sanctifying land/land of ingathering and Judgement: Hassan, ‘Muslim Literature in Praise of Jerusalem’, in
Cathedra
1.170. On Judgement Day: Neuwirth, ‘Jerusalem in Islam: The Three Honorific Names of the City’,
OJ
77–93. War against Byzantines: Herrin 91–2. Dome of the Chain: Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
130.
Bayah
allegiance – Tabari quoted in Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
111–2. Walks through Christian sites: Humphreys,
Muawiya
128–9. Umayyads and Jerusalem: Asali,
Jerusalem
108–10. Patron and sheikh: Chase F. Robinson,
Abd al-Malik
65. Yazid and succession: Humphreys,
Muawiya
96–102. Yazid: Ibn Khaldun 164.
5 Abd al-Malik and Dome. This portrait of the caliph and imagery and significance of the Dome is based on Andreas Kaplony, ‘The Mosque of Jerusalem’, in
Sacred Esplanade
101–31; Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
; and Oleg Grabar,
The Dome of the Rock
; Donner,
Muhammad
; and Chase F. Robinson,
Abd al-Malik
. Islamic traditions: al-Tabari,
Tarikh
1.2405, and Muthir al-Ghiram quoted in Peters,
Jerusalem
187–9.
Donner,
Muhammad
: civil war 177–89; community of believers into organized Islam 194–9; Last Judgement and Dome of Rock 199–203; Believers into Islam and caliphate, emphasis on caliph/Koran/double
shahada
/
hadith
/God’s deputy 203–12; development of Islamic rituals 214; development of Islamic origins, history 216–18. Political mission and religious aims: Wickham 289–95. Abd al-Malik looks: Robinson,
Abd al-Malik
52–61; on concubines 20; on flattery 85; rise 25–43; Umayyad residences 47–8. On royal authority: Ibn Khaldun 198–9. Le Strange,
Palestine under the Moslems
114–20 and 144–51.
Description and aesthetics of the Dome: Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
52–116. On services based on Jewish Temple, quote on Temple rebuilt, Koran as Torah: Kaplony,
Sacred Esplanade
108–112, including Umayyad ritual from al-Wasiti,
Fadail Bayt al-Muqaddas
112. Building the Dome.