Mayflower

Netherland. On Thomas Willett and his relationship to John Brown, as well as the locations of their homes in Swansea (modern Central Falls, Rhode Island), see Thomas Bicknell’s Sowams, pp. 134, 141. Langdon discusses Plymouth’s lack of a royal charter in Pilgrim Colony, pp. 188–200. In March 4, 1662, Thomas Willett was instructed by Plymouth Court to “speak to Wamsutta about his estranging land, and not selling it to our colony,” PCR, vol. 4, p. 8.
    For information on Josiah Winslow and his wife Penelope, see Pene Behrens’s Footnotes: A Biography of Penelope Pelham, 1633–1703. as well as The Winslows of Careswell in Marshfield by Cynthia Hagar Krusell. Samuel Drake’s The Old Indian Chronicle ( OIC ) provides an excellent account of the events leading up to Alexander’s death, pp. 31–43; Drake judiciously draws primarily on William Hubbard’s The History of the Indian Wars in New England ( HIWNE ) and Increase Mather’s History of King Philip’s War ( HKPW ). Hubbard in HIWNE insists that Alexander’s “choler and indignation” were what killed him, p. 50. Eric Schultz and Michael Tougias cite Maurice Robbins’s reference to a doctor’s theory that Alexander died of appendicitis and that the surgeon’s “working physic” would only have worsened the sachem’s condition, in King Philip’s War, p. 24. William Bradford’s belated account of the incident is related in a letter from John Cotton to Increase Mather, March 19, 1677; Cotton also refers to the “flocking multitudes” that attended the festivities surrounding Philip’s rise to sachem, in The Mather Papers, MHS Collections, 4th ser., vol. 8 (1868), pp. 233–34. Just prior to the outbreak of war in 1675, Philip and his counselors told John Easton and some others from Rhode Island that they believed Alexander had been “forced to court as they judged poisoned,” in Narratives of the Indian Wars, edited by Charles Lincoln, p. 11. George Langdon in Pilgrim Colony refers to Winslow’s decision to send his family to Salem and to hire twenty men to guard his home, p. 170.
    Philip Ranlet provides a detailed look at the events of 1662–1675 in “Another Look at the Causes of King Philip’s War,” NEQ, vol. 61, 1998, pp. 79–100, as does Jenny Pulsipher in Subjects unto the Same King: Indians, English, and the Contest for Authority in Colonial New England, pp. 69–100. For a description of the geology of Mount Hope, see Shepard Krech III’s “Rudolf F. Haffenreffer and the King Philip Museum” in Passionate Hobby: Rudolf F. Haffenreffer and the King Philip Museum, edited by Krech, pp. 56–57. Yasuhide Kawashima in Igniting King Philip’s War refers to the tradition that Philip threw a stone all the way to Poppasquash Neck, p. 54. In HIWNE, Hubbard claims that Philip was nicknamed King Philip for the “ambitious and haughty spirit” he displayed during his 1662 appearance before Plymouth Court, p. 52. In The Book of the Indians, Samuel Drake quotes an undated letter of Philip’s to a representative of the governor of Massachusetts: “Your governor is but a subject of King Charles of England. I shall not treat with a subject. I shall treat of peace only with the king, my brother. When he comes, I am ready,” book 3, p. 24. Philip’s words to the Plymouth Court in 1662 are recorded in PCR, vol. 4, p. 25.
    Peter Thomas in “Contrastive Subsistence Strategies and Land Use as Factors for Understanding Indian-White Relations in New England” in Ethnohistory, Winter 1976, claims that “less than twenty percent of the New England landscape had a high agricultural productiveness,” p. 4. John Demos in A Little Commonwealth: Family-Life in Plymouth Colony includes statistics concerning the size of families in Plymouth Colony, p. 192. S. F. Cook in The Indian Population of New England in the Seventeenth Century writes that between 1634 and 1675 the Wampanoags “had enjoyed as stable an existence as was possible for natives during the seventeenth century,” p. 37. See Virginia DeJohn Anderson’s “King Philip’s Herds: Indians, Colonists, and the Problem of Livestock in Early New England,” WMQ, October 1994, on Philip as a hog farmer, pp. 601–2, as well as her book Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America. John