Self Comes to Mind

17–18
nuclei, 304
pathways, 305
patterns of organization, 285–86, 299–300, 304, 305
projections, 305
qualities necessary for mind-making, 86–88
in recall of memory, 137–38
recording of, in neurosurgical setting, 19
structure and function of, 17, 38, 90, 285, 299–306, 314
synchronized oscillation, 87
unique features, 37, 40, 285
variations of action among, 339 n 12
see also neural basis of consciousness
    neurotransmitters
generation of, 37, 303
in mind-making regions of brain, 87
nonconscious modulation of tissue states, 53
value systems in operation of, 47
    nonconscious and unconscious processes
active and dormant ingredients of, 172–73
adaptive behavior and, 31–32, 35–36
in autobiographical self, 210–11
benefits of behavior controlled by, 270
bias as, 272, 276–77
conscious guidance of, 269–70
contents of dispositions, 143
control of human behavior by, 269–72
in epileptic automatism, implications of, 162–66
evidence of effective reasoning in, 273–78
Freudian conceptualization of, 177–78
genomic, 278–79
image formation and management in, 72, 173–75
knowledge for skillful performance in, 275, 281
life management processes as, 31, 41–42, 49, 53–54
primitive response policy for survival, 52
in vegetative states, 161–62, 235, 244
see also mind; simple life forms
    noradrenalin, 192–93
    norepinephrine system, 47
    nuclei of neurons, 304, 306, 311. see also specific nucleus
    nucleus, cell, 33, 34–35
    nucleus accumbens, 209
    nucleus cuneiform, 192
    nucleus pontis oralis, 192
    nucleus tractus solitarius
connectivity, 78–80
in construction of feeling states, 75–76, 78, 118–19
in emotional processes, 167
in homeostasis, 98–99 , 246
map making in, 67, 68
in master interoceptive system, 195
    Nussbaum, Martha, 114
    O’Doherty, John P., 324 n 8
    Olszewski, J., 338 n 3
    opioids, endogenous, 121
    Oveis, Christopher, 330 n 13
    Owen, Adrian, 161, 333 n 3–4
    ownership, 185, 203, 206 , 209
    oxytocin, 47
    pain and pleasure
body-to-brain communication in, 97–100
brain structures involved in generation of feelings from, 75–78
compassion for suffering of others, 129
conscious maintenance of homeostasis, 49
evolution of feeling, 259
incentive mechanisms for survival, 53
interference in transmission of signals to brain from, 121–22
nonconscious modulation of tissue states, 53
subjectivity in experience of, 4
see also reward and punishment
    Pandya, D. N., 331 n 5
    Panksepp, Jaak, 22, 75, 83, 320 n 10, 321 n 12, 322–23 n 15, n 17, 326 n 11, 334 n 3, 335 n 10
    parabrachial nucleus
changes in Alzheimer’s disease, 232
connectivity, 78–80
in construction of feeling states, 75–76, 78, 118–19
in emotional processes, 167
map making in, 67, 68
in master interoceptive system, 194–95
role in homeostasis, 98–99 , 246
    paradoxical consciousness, 178, 227
    paramecium, 33, 37, 257–58
    parasympathetic nervous system, 307
    parietal cortex, 215
    parietal opercula, 103
    Parvizi, Josef, 219, 245, 320 n 2, 326 n 9, 334 n 5, 33 n 3
    Passingham, R. E., 340 n 1
    Paxinos, M., 335 n 2
    Penfield, Wilder, 7, 320 n 3
    Penrose, Roger, 322 n 13
    periaqueductal gray nuclei
anatomy, 78–80
in endogenous opioid system, 121
in fear response, 113
in feeling and emotion, 77, 80, 167
in homeostasis, 98–99 , 246
in transmission of qualitative information from body to brain, 100
    peripheral nervous system, 306–7
    Persaud, N., 340 n 6
    perspective of mind
in core self, 206
definition, 196, 198
sensory portal role in construction of, 196, 198, 260
    Pessoa, Fernando, vii
    Peters, A., 338 n 6
    Petrides, M., 335 n 2
    Phelps, Elizabeth A., 341 n 8
    Pinker, Steven, 322 n 15, 325 n 2
    pleasure. See pain and pleasure; reward and punishment
    Plum, Fred, 7, 244, 320 n 4, 333 n 2
    Poldrack, Russell A., 324 n 8, 340 n 2
    Posner, Jerome, 7, 244, 320 n 4, 333 n 2
    posterior cingulate cortex, 219
    posteromedial cortices
anesthetic action in, 226
changes in Alzheimer’s disease, 232–33
in comas and vegetative states, 235–36
component parts of, 219
connectivity, 218–22, 221
as convergence-divergence regions, 216, 222–23, 224
in default network, 227–29
in experience of social emotions, 128–29
location of, 220 , 224
metabolic activity in, 229
in self-related processes in creation of consciousness, 217, 218–19, 221, 223–24
in sleep, 227
    post-traumatic stress syndrome, 131
    precuneus, 219
    prediction and anticipation
as-if body loop mechanism for, 102–3
conscious deliberation before action,