The German Genius

Ursula Franke, Kunst als Erkenntnis: Die Rolle d. Sinnlichkeit in d. Asthetik d. Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1972). Reill, German Enlightenment , p. 56.
17. H. R. Schweizer, ed., Theoretische Ästhetik: Die grundlegenden Abschnitte der “Aesthetica ” (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1983). This comprises edited extracts from the original Frankfurt (1750–1758) edition.
18. Reill, German Enlightenment , p. 61.
19. Ibid., p. 202.
20. Ibid., p. 62.
21. Ibid., p. 65. Later, Martin Heidegger would argue that it is possible to philosophize in only two languages: Greek and German.
22. Ibid.
23. Isaak Iselin, Über die Geschichte der Menschheit. 2 vols. (Basel, 1768), vol. 1, pp. 7–8.
24. Reill, German Enlightenment , p. 217.
25. Ibid., p. 219.
26. Ibid., p. 214.
27. Walter Hofer, Geschichtschreibung und Weltanschauung: Betrachtungen zum Werk Friedrich Meineckes (Munich: Oldenborg, 1950), pp. 370f. The standard work on Sturm und Drang in English is Roy Pascal, The German Sturm und Drang (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1953).
28. Reill, German Enlightenment , p. 98.
29. Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982), p. 36.
30. Reill, German Enlightenment , p. 126.
31. Ibid., p. 50.
32. Ibid., p. 104.
33. I thank Werner Pfenning for this information.
34. Reill, German Enlightenment , p. 156.
35. Ibid., p. 157.
36. Ibid., p. 187.
37. Ibid., p. 158.
38. Ibid., p. 106.
39. Ibid., p. 130.
40. Timothy Lenoir, The Strategy of Life: Teleology and Mechanics in Nineteenth-Century German Biology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 17–18. Johann Blumenbach’s The Institutions of Physiology was translated into English by John Elliotson in 1817, printed “by Bensley for E. Cox,” and dedicated to HRH Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex.
41. Lenoir, Strategy of Life , p. 19.
42. Ibid., p. 20.
43. Ibid.
44. Ibid., p. 26.
45. Ibid., pp. 36–37.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid., p. 43.
48. Ibid., p. 48.
49. Ibid., p. 50.
50. Ibid., p. 197.
51. Ibid., p. 202.
52. Ibid., p. 310.
53. Ibid., p. 343.
54. Ibid., p. 391.
55. Peter Hanns Reill, “History and the Life Sciences in the Early Nineteenth Century,” Chapter 2 of George G. Iggers and James M. Powell, eds., Leopold von Ranke and the Shaping of the Historical Discipline (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1990), pp. 21ff.
56. Wilhelm von Humboldt, Gesammelte Schriften , Preussischen Akademie des Wissenschaften , ed. Albert Leitzmann (Berlin, 1903–06) vol. 1, p. 262.
57. Lenoir, Strategy of Life , p. 27.
58. In this, he was much influenced by his brother, Alexander. See Ilse Jahn, Dem Leben auf der Spur: Die biologischen Forschungen Alexander von Humboldts (Leipzig, Jena, Berlin: Urania-Verlag, 1969), pp. 40ff.
59. I have used mainly Paul Sweet, Wilhelm von Humboldt . 2 vols. (Ohio State University Press, 1980), in this case, vol. 2, pp. 394ff. But see also Wilhelm von Humboldt, “Essai sur les langes du nouveau continent,” Gesammelte Schriften , vol. 3, pp. 300–341; and Clemens Menze, Humboldts Lehre (Ratingen bei Düsseldorf: Henn, 1965).
60. Friedrich Schiller, Die Briefwechsel zwischen Friedrich Schiller und Wilhelm von Humboldt , ed. Siegfried Seidel (Berlin: Aufbau, 1962), 2 vols; Clemens Menze, Wilhelm von Humboldt und Christian Gottlob Heyne (Ratingen bei Düsseldorf: Henn, 1966); Aleida Assmann, Arbeit am nationalen Gedächtnis: Eine kurze Geschichte der deutschen Bildungsidee (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 1993). I am grateful to Dr. Gisele Mettele for drawing this reference to my attention.
61. Pinkard, German Philosophy , p. 7.
62. Thomas Albert Howard, Protestant Theology and the Making of the Modern German University (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 7; Blanning, Power of Culture , p. 205.
    C HAPTER 3: W INCKELMANN , W OLF, AND L ESSING : T HE T HIRD G REEK R EVIVAL AND THE O RIGINS OF M ODERN S CHOLARSHIP
     
1. For the Basel of Burckhardt’s day, see Lionel Gossman, Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000).
2. Peter Burke, Introduction to Jacob Burckhardt: The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy , trans. S. G. C. Middlemore (London: Penguin, 1990), p. 12.
3. For Burckhardt’s conception of cultural history, see Felix Gilbert, History: Politics or Culture? Reflections on Ranke and Burckhardt (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990), especially Chapters 4 and