The German Genius

Cook-Radmore (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2008). Max Hastings, “Germans Confront the Nazi Past,” New York Review of Books , February 26–March 11, 2009, pp. 16–18.
53. Evans, In Hitler’s Shadow , p. 12. Leopold von Ranke, “Die grosse Mächte,” in the same author’s Preussische Geschichte , ed. Willy Andrews (Wiesbaden, 1833), vol. 1, p. 16. I thank Werner Pfennig for this reference.
54. Maier, Unmasterable Past , p. 103.
55. Evans, In Hitler’s Shadow , p. 13.
56. David Blackbourn and Geoffrey Eley, The Peculiarities of German History: Bourgeois Society and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), passim. Maier, Unmasterable Past , p. 107. In February 1871, three weeks before the Proclamation of the German Empire in Versailles, Benjamin Disraeli, at that time leader of Britain’s opposition, said in the House of Commons that German unification would be “a greater political event than even the French Revolution” and that the European balance of power “is completely destroyed with no new one in sight.” Walter Dussman, “Das Zeitalter Bismarcks,” in Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte . (Frankfurt am Main: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion, 1968), vol. 2, part 2, p. 129. Richard Münch also compared the development of the Enlightenment in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany and concluded that four elements are decisive for what is modern, despite many differences: rationalism, activism, individualism, universalism. See his Die Kultur der Moderne , 2 vols. (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1986). I thank Werner Pfenning for this reference.
57. Evans, In Hitler’s Shadow , p. 17.
58. Ibid., p. 141.
59. Maier, Unmasterable Past , p. 161.
60. Ibid., p. 168.
61. Crawshaw, Easier Fatherland , p. 202.
62. Nicholas Boyle, Goethe: The Poet and the Age, vol. 1, The Poetry of Desire (1749–1790) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), p. 4.
63. Wolf Lepenies, The Seduction of Culture in German History (Princeton, N.J., and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006), p. 4.
64. Ibid. The full differentiation in Germany is between Wissenschaft (scholarship), Kunst , Kultur , Lebensart ( feine Lebensart ), and Zivilisation.
65. Ibid., p. 6.
66. Ibid., p. 5.
67. See also Fritz Stern, Five Germanies I Have Known (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006), p. 16.
68. See also Lepenies, Seduction of Culture , p. 24.
69. Gordon Craig, The Germans (New York: Meridian, 1991; reprint, originally Putnam, 1982), pp. 214–218.
70. Lepenies, Seduction of Culture , pp. 17–19 and 28.
71. Ibid., pp. 27–29.
72. Ibid., p. 73.
73. T. S, Eliot, Notes Towards a Definition of Culture (London: Faber & Faber, 1948/1962), p. 31.
74. Fritz Stern, Einstein’s German World , p. 3.
75. Keith Bullivant, Realism Today: Aspects of the Contemporary West German Novel (Leamington Spa/Hamburg/New York: Oswald Wolff, 1987), p. 158. Georg Lukács, German Realists in the Nineteenth Century , trans. Jeremy Gaines and Paul Keast, edited and with an introduction and notes by Rodney Livingstone (London: Libris, 1993), p. 168.
    C HAPTER 1: G ERMANNESS E MERGING
     
1. James Gaines, Evening in the Palace of Reason (London: HarperCollins, 2005), p. 5.
2. Jan Chiapusso, Bach’s World (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968), p. 37. Albert Schweitzer, J. S. Bach , trans. Ernest Newman. 2 vols. (London: Breitkopf & Kärtel, 1911).
3. Gaines, Evening , p. 7.
4. Robert Eitner, “Johann Gottfried Walter,” Monatshefte für Musikgeschichte 4, no. 8 (1872): 165–167. Quoted in Gaines, Evening , p. 8.
5. Gaines, Evening , p. 9.
6. Ibid., back cover.
7. Karl Hermann Bitter, Johann Sebastian Bach. 2 vols. 2nd ed. (Berlin: W. Baensch, 1881), vol. 2, p. 181.
8. Gaines, Evening , p. 237.
9. Boyle, Goethe , vol. 1, p. 9.
10. Steven Ozment, A Mighty Fortress (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), p. 125.
11. Many of Pufendorf’s works have been translated into English. See Ian Hunter, Rival Enlightenments: Civil and Metaphysical Philosophy in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. xvii and 148–196.
12. Ozment, Mighty Fortress , p. 126.
13. Ibid., p. 27.
14. Richard L. Gawthrop, Pietism and the Making of Eighteenth-century Prussia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 1 and 2.
15. Ibid., p. 9.
16. Ibid., p. 10.
17. For Pietist conversion narratives and links to Puritanism, see Gisele Mettele, “Constructions of the Religious Self: Moravian Conversion and