The German Genius

Darwinism: The History and Historiography of a Concept,” in Berg and Cocks, eds., Medicine and Modernity , pp. 55–79.
35. Kelly, Descent of Darwin, p. 105.
36. Arthur Hermann, The Idea of Decline in Western History (New York: The Free Press, 1997), p. 111.
37. For a general survey see Daniel Pick, Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, c. 1848–c. 1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), esp. chap. 4, pp. 97–106.
38. Ibid., pp. 176–221.
39. Kelly, Descent of Darwin, p. 126.
40. Poliakov, Aryan Myth , p. 71.
41. Ibid., pp. 101–105.
42. Kelly, Descent of Darwin , p. 191.
43. Ibid., p. 242.
44. Ibid., p. 273.
45. Amos Elon, The Pity of It All: A Portrait of Jews in Germany, 1743–1933 (London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press, 2003), p. 274.
46. Stern, The Failure of Illiberalism , p. 106.
47. Kelly, Descent of Darwin , p. 128.
48. Ibid., p. 143.
49. Ibid., pp. 165–167.
50. Pick, Faces of Degeneration , p. 135.
51. Ibid.
52. Kelly, Descent of Darwin , p. 139.
53. Robert W. Lougee, Paul de Lagarde, 1827–1891: A Study of Radical Conservatism in Germany (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962), pp. 117ff.
54. Ulrich Sieg, Deutschlands Prophet: Paul de Lagarde und die Ursprünge des modernen Antisemitismus (Munich: Hanser, 2007), pp. 203–227.
55. Ibid., pp. 292–325.
56. Lougee, Paul de Lagarde , pp. 227–231.
57. Hermann, Idea of Decline , p. 54.
58. Stern, The Failure of Illiberalism , p. 4. Lougee, Op. cit ., pp. 253–254.
59. Geoffrey G. Field, Evangelist of Race: The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).
60. Hermann, Idea of Decline , p. 73.
61. In his letters Chamberlain had corresponded with many leading figures such as Adolf von Harnack, Ludwig Boltzmann, and Christian Ehrenfels. See Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Briefe und Briefwechsel mit Kaiser Wilhelm II (Munich: Brudmann, 1928). See also Paul Pretzsch, ed. Cosima Wagner und Houston Stewart Chamberlain im Briefwechsel 1888–1908 (Leipzig: P. Reclam jun., 1934).
62. Hermann, Idea of Decline , p. 75.
63. Stern, The Politics of Cultural Despair , pp. xx-xxi.
64. Ibid., p. xxvii.
65. Norbert Elias, The Germans: Power Struggles and the Development of Habitus in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries , ed. Michael Schröter, trans. Eric Dunning and Stephen Mennell (Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 1996), pp. ix and 155.
    C HAPTER 23: M ONEY, THE M ASSES, THE M ETROPOLIS : T HE “F IRST C OHERENT S CHOOL OF S OCIOLOGY ”
     
1. Keith Bullivant, Realism Today: Aspects of the Contemporary West German Novel (Leamington Spa, Hamburg, and New York: Berg, 1987), pp. 8–12. Lukács, German Realists , p. 323. Hans P. Rickman, Wilhelm Dilthey: Pioneer of the Human Studies (London: Paul Elek, 1979), p. 12.
2. Rickman, Wilhelm Dilthey , p. 24.
3. Ibid., p. 38.
4. Hellmut Diwald, Wilhelm Dilthey: Erkenntnistheorie und Philosophie der Geschichte (Göttingen: Musterschmidt, 1963), pp. 130f.
5. Rickman, Wilhelm Dilthey , p. 57.
6. Ilse N. Bulhof, Wilhelm Dilthey: A Hermeneutic Approach to the Study of History and Culture (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1980), p. 55 and chapter 3.
7. Rickman, Wilhelm Dilthey , p. 70.
8. Diwald, op. cit ., pp. 153–169.
9. This progression is discussed in Carlo Antoni, Vom Historismus zur Soziologie (Stuttgart: K. F. Koehler, 1950). He begins with Dilthey and includes Weber and Meinecke.
10. Rickman, Wilhelm Dilthey , pp. 150–153.
11. Ibid., p. 155.
12. Lewis Coser, Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Social and Historical Context (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1977).
13. David Frisby, Georg Simmel (London: Ellis Horwood Limited and Tavistock Publications, 1984), p. 23.
14. Ibid., pp. 25–26.
15. Ibid., p. 13.
16. Ibid., p. 53.
17. Ibid., p. 71.
18. Margarete Susman, Die geistige Gestalt George Simmels (Tübingen: Mohr, 1959), which concentrates on the spiritual side of Simmel. See also Roy Pascal, From Naturalism to Expressionism: German Literature and Society 1880–1928 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973), p. 157.
19. Hermann von Helmholtz, 1853, “On Goethe’s Scientific Researches,” lecture delivered before the German Society of Königsberg, trans. E. Atkinson. Reprinted in Hermann von Helmholtz, Science and Culture: Popular and Philosophical Essays , ed. David Cahan (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995).
20. Frisby, Georg Simmel , p. 84.
21. Ibid., p. 93.
22. Ibid., p. 99.
23. Ibid., p. 106.
24. Fritz Ringer, Max Weber: An Intellectual