The German Genius

And Möllers, Robert Koch, pp. 23–39.
8. For background on anthrax, see Norbert Gualde, Resistance: The Human Struggle against Infection , trans. Steven Randall (Washington, D.C.: Dana, 2006), p. 193, note 4.
9. Möllers, Robert Koch , pp. 512–517.
10. Johanna Bleker, “To Benefit the Poor and Advance Medical Science: Hospitals and Hospital Care in Germany, 1820–1870,” in Manfred Berg and Geoffrey Cocks, eds., Medicine and Modernity: Public Health and Medical Care in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Germany (Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute/Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 17–33. And Möllers, Robert Koch , pp. 527–534.11. Dictionary of Scientific Biography , VII, p. 423.
12. Ryan, Tuberculosis , pp. 9–13.
13. Münch, Robert Koch , pp. 41–46 for the cholera expedition. See also Möllers, Robert Koch , pp. 139–147.
14. Thomas Dormandy, The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis (London: Hambledon, 1999), p. 132; and for their writings, Münch, Robert Koch , pp. 374 and 378.
15. Dormandy, White Death , pp. 139–144.
16. Dictionary of Scientific Biography , XIV, pp. 183–184. See also the 1978 supplement, pp. 521–524.
17. Möllers, Robert Koch , pp. 657–684.
18. See, for example, Vera Pohland, “From Positive-Stigma to Negative-Stigma: A Shift of the Literary and Medical Representation of Consumption in German Culture,” in: Rudolf Käser and Vera Pohland, eds., Disease and Medicine in Modern German Cultures (Ithaca, N.Y.: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1990).
19. For a note on Schaudinn, see Dormandy, White Death , pp. 199n and 265n.
20. Martha Marquardt, Paul Ehrlich (London: Heinemann, 1949), p. 160.
21. Robin Morantz Henig, A Monk and Two Peas: The Story of Gregor Mendel and the Discovery of Genetics (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000), pp. 173ff.
22. For the context of Mendel’s discoveries, see Peter J. Bowler, The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society (London: Athlone Press, 1989), pp. 93ff. For Klácel, see Henig, Monk and Two Peas , pp. 33–36.
23. For the breakdown he suffered in Vienna, see Henig, Monk and Two Peas , pp. 46–57.
24. Bowler, Mendelian Revolution , p. 100.
25. Ibid., p. 279.
26. Ibid., p. 280.
27. See, for example, Eileen Magnello, “The Reception of Mendelism by the Biometricians and the Early Mendelians (1899–1909),” in Milo Keynes, A. W. F. Edwards, and Robert Peel, eds., A Century of Mendelism in Human Genetics: Proceedings of a Symposium Organised by the Galton Institute and Held at the Royal Society of Medicine, London 2001 (London/Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004), pp. 19–32.
28. Bowler, Mendelian Revolution, p. 282.
29. Guy Claxton, The Wayward Mind: An Intimate History of the Unconscious (London: Little, Brown, 2005), passim.
30. William H. Johnston, The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972), p. 236.
31. Giovanni Costigan, Sigmund Freud: A Short Biography (London: Robert Hale, 1967), p. 42.
32. Ibid., pp. 68ff.
33. Hugo A. Meynell, Freud, Marx and Morals (Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble Books, 1981).
    C HAPTER 21: T HE A BUSES OF H ISTORY
     
1. Fritz Stern, The Failure of Illiberalism (London: Allen & Unwin, 1972), p. xxxvii.
2. Gordon A. Craig, Germany: 1866–1945 (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1978/1981), pp. 39ff. See also Friedrich C. Sell, Die Tragödie des deutschen Liberalismus (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1981).
3. See for instance Giles Macdonagh, The Last Kaiser (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000/Phoenix, 2001), p. 3.
4. Craig, Germany , p. 56.
5. Theodor Mommsen, A History of Rome under the Emperors. Based on the lecture notes of Sebastian and Pail Hensel, 1882–1886; German edition by Barbara and Alexandre Demandt; English translation by Clare Krojzl, edited and with a new chapter by Thomas Wiedemann. (London: Routledge, 1996).
6. Antoine Guilland, Modern Germany and Her Historians (Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1970), p. 156.
7. Ibid., p. 147.
8. Ibid., p. 153.
9. Mommsen, History of Rome , p. 297.
10. Guilland, Modern Germany , p. 161.
11. Hellmut Seier, Die Staatsidee Heinrich von Sybels in den Wandlungen der Reichsgründungszeit 1826/71 (Lübeck: Matthiesen, 1961).
12. Guilland, Modern Germany , p. 185.
13. Ibid., p. 199.
14. Ibid., p. 219.
15. For another political historian, see Wilfried Nippel, Johann Gustav Droysen: Ein Leben zwischen Wissenschaft und