Modern Mind

York,
The Advisers,
London: W. H. Freeman, 1976, page 30. Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
page 458.
    41. Kragh, Op.
cit.,
page 271. Rhodes, Op.
cit.,
pages 501–502.
    42. This is Rhodes, page 618, but Jungk says Truman was not informed until 25 April: Jungk, Op.
cit.,
page 178.
    43. Jungk, Op.
cit.,
page 195.
    44. See also Emilio Segrè’s account, reported in Kragh, Op.
cit.,
page 269.
    45. Jungle,
Op. cit.,
chapters XI, XII, and XIV.
    46. The names of the plane were the first names of the mother of the pilot, Paul Tibbets: Jungk,
Op. cit.,
page 219.
    47. Paul Tibbets, ‘How to Drop an Atomic Bomb,’
Saturday Evening Post,
8 June 1946, page 136.
    48.
Caffrey, Ruth Benedict, Op. cit., page 321.
    49.
Modell, Ruth Benedict, Op. cit., page 285.
    50. Ruth Benedict,
The Chrysanthemum and the Sword,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1946, paperback edition: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
    51.
Ibid.,
pages x–xi.
    52.
Ibid., passim circa page 104.
    53.
Ibid.,
see the table on page 116 comparing
On, Ko
and
Giri.
    54.
Ibid.,
pages 253ff.
    55.
Ibid.,
page 192.
    56. Caffrey,
Op. cit.,
page 325.
    57. Modell, Op.
cit.,
page 284.
    58. Benedict, Op.
cit.,
page 305.

CHAPTER 23: PARIS IN THE YEAR ZERO
    1. Annie Cohen-Solal,
Sartre: A Life,
London: Heinemann, 1987, page 250. Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 343.
    2. Herman,
The Idea of Decline in Western History, Op. cit.,
page 343.
    3. J.-P. Sartre,
Self-Portrait at
70, in
Life Situations, Essays Written and Spoken,
translated by P. Auster and L. Davis, New York: Pantheon 1977, pages 47— 48; quoted in Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 342.
    4.
Ibid.,
page 334.
    5. Ronald Hayman,
Writing Against: A Biography of Sartre,
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986, page 64. Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 334; Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
page 57.
    6. Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 335.
    7. Cohen-Solal,
Op. cit.,
page 95.
    8. Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 333.
    9.
Ibid.,
page 338.
    10. Heidegger’s notion that the world revealed itself to ‘maladjusted instruments’ fitted with Sartre’s own developing ideas of
‘l’homme revolté’.
Hayman,
Op. cit.,
pages 132–133.
    11. Herman,
Op. cit.,
page 339.
    12. Antony Beevor and Artemis Cooper,
Paris After the Liberation: 1944–1949,
London: Hamish Hamilton, 1994, page 199.
    13.
Ibid.,
pages 81 and 200.
    14.
Ibid.,
pages 156 and 164.
    15. Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
page 248. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
pages 159–161.
    16. Beevor and Cooper,
Op. cit.,
page 155.
    17. Herman,
Op. cit.,
page 343; Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
page 258.
    18. Herman, Op.
cit.,
page 344.
    19. Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
pages 444ff.
    20. Herman,
Op. cit.,
page 346.
    21. Maurice Merlau-Ponty,
Humanism and Terror,
Boston: Beacon Press, 1969, pages xvi—xvii.
    22. Herman, Op
cit.,
page 346.
    23. Arthur Koestler,
Darkness at Noon,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1940, translator Daphne Harley; see also: David Cesarani,
Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind,
London: Heinemann, 1998, pages 288–290, for the fights with Sartre.
    24. Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
pages 347–348.
    25.
Ibid.,
page 348.
    26. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
page 158.
    27. Stanley Karnow,
Paris in the Fifties,
New York: Random House/Times Books, 1997, page 240.
    28. Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
page 265.
    29. Karnow, Op.
cit.,
page 240. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
page 202.
    30. Cohen-Solal,
Op. cit.,
page 266. Karnov,
Op. cit.,
page 242.
    31. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
page 382.
    32. Karnow,
Op. cit.,
page 251. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
page 207.
    33. See Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
page 307 for a discussion of the disagreements over America.
    34. Beevor and Cooper,
Op. cit.,
page 405.
    35.
Ibid.
, page 408.
    36. Some idea of the emotions this episode can still raise may be seen from the fact that Annie Cohen-Solal’s 1987 biography of Sartre, 590 pages, makes no reference to the matter, or to Kravchenko, or to other individuals who took part.
    37. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
page 409.
    38.
Ibid.,
pages 411–412.
    39.
Ibid.
See Cohen-Solal, Op.
cit.,
pages 332–333 for an account of their falling out.
    40. Beevor and Cooper, Op.
cit.,
page 416.
    41. ‘Nikolas Bourbaki’ was the pseudonym of a group of mainly French mathematicians (Jean Dien-donné, Henri Carton
et al.),
whose aim was to recast all of mathematics into a consistent whole. The first volume
of Elements of Mathematics
appeared in 1939 and ran for more than twenty volumes. For Oliver Messaien, see: Arnold Whittall,
Music Since the First World War,
London: J. M. Dent, 1977; Oxford University Press paperback, 1995, pages