Willpower

http://www.britannica.com/dday/table?tocId=9400221 .
    73 Robert S. McNamara: G. M. Watson Jr. and H. S. Wolk, “‘Whiz Kid’: Robert S. McNamara’s World War II Service,” Air Power History, Winter 2003, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3101/is_4_50/ai_n29053044/?tag=content ;col1. See also Tim Weiner, “Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93,” New York Times, July 6, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/us/07mcnamara.html?_r=1&sq=Robert%20McNamara%20obituary&st=nyt&scp=4&pagewanted=all .
    75 David Allen: For details on GTD, see Allen’s Getting Things Done (New York: Penguin Books, 2001); Making It All Work (New York: Penguin Books, 2008); and the David Allen Company Web site, http://www.davidco.com/ . For biographical material, see Gary Wolf, “ Getting Things Done: Guru David Allen and His Cult of Hyperefficiency,” Wired, June 25, 2007, http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/15-10/ff_allen?currentPage=all ; and Paul Keegan, “How David Allen Mastered Getting Things Done,” Business 2.0 Magazine, July 1, 2007, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/07/01/100117066/index.htm . Forresearchinto GTD, see F. Heylighen and C. Vidal, “Getting Things Done: The Science behind Stress-Free Productivity,” Long Range Planning 41, no. 6 (2008): 585–605, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2008.09.004 .
    80 Danny O’Brien survey: C. Thompson, “Meet the Life Hackers,” New York Times Magazine, October 16, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/16/magazine/16guru.html?scp=1&sq=zeigarnik&st=nyt .
    80 Zeigarnik effect: E. J. Masicampo and R. F. Baumeister, “Consider It Done!: Making a Plan Eliminates the Zeigarnik Effect” (manuscript submitted for publication, Tufts University).

CHAPTER 4: DECISION FATIGUE
    89 Eliot Spitzer scandal: See W. K. Rashbaum and C. Moynihan, “At a Sentencing, Details of Spitzer’s Liaisons,” New York Times, June 1, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/02/nyregion/02emperor.html?_r=2 . See also in the case United States of America v. Mark Brener, et al. , “Affidavit in Support of Application for Arrest Warrants, Search Warrants and Seizure Warrants, Section II: The Emperors Club’s Prostitution Crimes: Payment” (United States District Court Southern Court of New York, March 5, 2008); “Emperors Club: All About Eliot Spitzer’s Alleged Prostitution Ring,” Huffington Post, October 18, 2008; and M. Dagostino, “Ex-Call Girl Ashley Dupré,” People, November 19, 2008.
    90 on choice as ego depleting: See K. D. Vohs, R. F. Baumeister, B. J. Schmeichel, J. M. Twenge, N. M. Nelson, and D. M. Tice, “Making Choices Impairs Subsequent Self-Control: A Limited Resource Account of Decision Making, Self-Regulation, and Active Initiative,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94 (2008): 883–98.
    93 the Rubicon model of action phases: There are many sources, but the best introduction is in Å. Achtziger and P. M. Gollwitzer, “Rubicon Model of Action Phases,” in R. F. Baumeister and K. D. Vohs, eds., Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, vol. 2 (Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2007), 769–71.
    96 the data on the judges’ parole decisions: From S. Danziger, J. Levav, and L. Avnaim-Pesso, “Breakfast, Lunch, and Their Effect on Judicial Decisions,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in press) .
    97 on postponing decisions and other effects of depletion on decision making: A. Pocheptsova, O.Amir,R.Dhar,andR.F.Baumeister,“DecidingWithoutResources:Resource Depletion and Choice in Context,” Journal of Marketing Research 46 (2009): 344–55 . The studies on postponing decisions were central to early versions of the paper, but reviewers objected, and so they are described only briefly, in the Discussion section.
    100 sampling of personal ads in the city magazines: John Tierney, “The Big City: Picky, Picky, Picky,” New York Times Magazine, February 12, 1995.
    101 Rigorous analysis of people’s romantic pickiness: G. J. Hitsch, A. Hortacsu, and D. Ariely, “What Makes You Click: An Empirical Analysis of Online Dating,” 2005 (unpublished manuscript, available online at http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache :TvqMaYnA544J: www.aeaweb.org/annual_mtg_papers/2006/0106_0800_0502.pdf+Hortacsu+Ariely&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi38lvapp1EsKKrnIz2vihtfNCfFYHwND0063fj76Ll84elqD_raDLhoQ9-dLiXLhZKN4uc5mJ41_AgiXHbnLePsQlcvcors0nx_ZCe5OLH3rEuuTNWfaFsSbgQoKJ5OWhaCTEw&sig=AHIEtbSk0_weqgMh_LCtbhvPolj-yx6_fg