Willpower

Morton Stanley, The Autobiography of Sir Henry Morton Stanley (Breinigsville, PA: General Books, 2009), 274.
    142 Henry Morton Stanley: Details of Stanley’s life and expeditions are drawn chiefly from Tim Jeal’s masterly biography, Stanley: The Impossible Life of Africa’s Greatest Explorer (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), and from personal communications with Jeal. Other sources include Stanley’s Autobiography; Stanley’s In Darkest Africa, or the Quest, Rescue, and Retreat of Emin Governor of Equatoria (Kindle, 2008), his account of the 1887–89 expedition; and a modern account by D. Liebowitz and C. Pearson, The Last Expedition: Stanley’s Mad Journey through the Congo in Darkest Africa (New York: Norton, 2005).
    143 Kurtz lacked restraint: Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness (Boston: Bedford Books, 1996), 74.
    144 maimed and killed, and sometimes eaten: “They harassed the land column on a daily basis, killing and maiming men, women, and children with spears and poisoned arrows and, more often than not, dragging their victims into the forest to eat them.” The Last Expedition, 236 (describing the 1888 march through forest).
    144 “For myself, I lay no claim”: Stanley, cable to The Times (London), December 8, 1890, reprinted in Autobiography, 274.
    144 “When I contrast what I have achieved”: Mark Twain, Mark Twain’s Speeches (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1910), 157. See Jeal’s Stanley, p. 468, for Twain’s prediction of Stanley’s enduring fame.
    145 “stubborn, invincible striving”: Rosamund Bartlett, Chekhov: Scenes from a Life (London: Free Press, 2004), 163.
    146 tales concocted of adoptive father: Jeal concludes that while in New Orleans, the young Welshman never even met the American cotton broker Henry Hope Stanley, whom he would later claim as his adoptive father (34).
    147 “I rose at midnight”: Stanley, Autobiography, 24.
    148 “At home these men had no cause”: Stanley’s January–June 1889 notebook, quoted in Jeal, 358.
    148 “hot-cold empathy gap”: D. Ariely and G. Loewenstein, “The Heat of the Moment: The Effect of Sexual Arousal on Sexual Decision Making,” Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 19 (2006): 87–98.
    150 “I have taken a solemn, enduring oath”: Stanley, How I Found Livingstone (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle, 1872) , 308–9.
    152 “Public Humiliation Diet”: D. Magary, “The Public Humiliation Diet: A How-To,” Deadspin.com , http://deadspin.com/5545674/the-public-humiliation-diet-a-how+to?skyline=true&s=i .
    152 Covenant Eyes: http://www.covenanteyes.com/ .
    152 stickK.com : Information is drawn from http://www.stickk.com/ ; and from I. Ayres, Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done (New York: Bantam, 2010).
    153 economists offered Philippine smokers: X. Giné, D. Karlan, and J. Zinman, “Put Your Money Where Your Butt Is: A Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation,” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2 (2010): 213–35. See also D. Karlan and J. Appel, More Than Good Intentions (New York: Dutton, 2011).
    156 messy room and sloppy Web site: R. Rahinel, J. P. Redden, and K. D. Vohs, “An Orderly Mind Is Sensitive to Norms” (unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2011).
    157 meta-analysis with Dutch researchers: D. De Ridder, G. Lensvelt-Mulders, C. Finkenauer, F. M. Stok, and R. F. Baumeister, “Taking Stock of Self-Control: A Meta-Analysis of How Self-Control Affects a Wide Range of Behaviors” (submitted for publication in 2011).
    158 Boice’s studies of professors: A good overview is provided in R. Boice, Advice for New Faculty Members (Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 2000).
    162 “For my protection against despair”: Stanley, Autobiography, 281.
    163 Navy SEAL Hell Week: E. Greitens, “The SEAL Sensibility,” Wall Street Journal, May 7, 2011.
    164 lofty thoughts: K. Fujita, Y. Trope, N. Liberman, and M. Levin-Sagi, “Construal Levels and Self-Control,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 (2006): 351–67.

CHAPTER 8: DID A HIGHER POWER HELP ERIC CLAPTON AND MARY KARR STOP DRINKING?
    167 “Holy Mother”: Eric Clapton and Stephen Bishop, “Holy Mother,” Live at Montreux, 1986 (DVD, Eagle Rock Entertainment, 2006). Lyrics used by permission of Eric Clapton and Stephen Bishop.
    167 Eric Clapton: Details and quotations are from his book, Clapton: The Autobiography (New York: Broadway Books, 2007).
    167 Mary