The German Genius

vol.1, p. 38.
18. Buckingham, Chasing the Molecule , p. 185.
19. Ibid., p. 187.
20. Robert Schwarz, Aus Justus Liebigs und Friedrich Wöhlers Briefwechsel in den Jahren 1829– 1873 (Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1958), p. 272.
21. For Kolbe, see Alan J. Rocke, The Quiet Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry (Los Angeles and Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993). See pp. 258ff. for Kolbe’s relations with Kekulé pp. 353ff. for the “collision” between Kolbe and Hofmann. See also Buckingham, Chasing the Molecule , p. 213.
22. See, for example, Hertha von Dechend, Justus von Liebig: In eigenen Zeugnissen und solchen seiner Zeitgenossen (Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1943), pp. 44ff.
23. New Dictionary of Scientific Biography , 4, pp. 310–313.
24. Ibid.
25. Henry Harris, The Birth of the Cell (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999).
26. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 76.
27. Lorenz Oken, Die Zeugung (Bamburg and Wurzburg: Goebhardt, 1805). Quoted in Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 61.
28. Henry J. John, Jan Evangelista Purkyne: Czech Scientist and Patriot, 1787–1869 (Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1959). Chapter 6 is on Goethe and Purkyne, and there is an appendix on Purkyne’s contribution to physiology.
29. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 88.
30. F. Bauer, Illustrations of Orchidaceous Plants (London: Ridgeway, 1830–1838).
31. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 81.
32. J. E. Purkinje, Bericht über die Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Prag in September 1837 (Prague: Opera Selecta, 1948), p. 109.
33. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 94.
34. New Dictionary of Scientific Biography , 6, pp. 356–360.
35. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 174.
36. Ibid., p. 175.
37. Theodor Schwann, Mikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Uebereinstimmung in der Struktur und dem Wachstum der Thiere und Planzen (Berlin: Sanderschen Buchhandlung, 1839). Quoted in Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 100.
38. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 4.
39. F. Unger, Flora 45 (1832) p. 713.
40. Dictionary of Scientific Biography , XIII, pp. 542–543.
41. Ibid., p. 601.
42. Vitezslav, Gregor Mendel: The First Geneticist (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
43. Harris, Birth of the Cell , p. 119.
44. Nachrichten über Leben und Schriften des Herrn Geheimraths Dr. Karl Ernst von Baer, mitgetheilt von ihm Selbst (St. Petersburg: H. Schmitzdorff, 1866), pp. 322ff.
45. Harris, Birth of the Cell , pp. 122–127.
    C HAPTER 14: O UT FROM “T HE W RETCHEDNESS OF G ERMAN B ACKWARDNESS ”
     
1. Hagen Schulze, The Course of German Nationalism: From Frederick the Great to Bismarck, 1763–1865 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 43–45.
2. For a discussion of “Staatsnationen” and “Kulturnationen” and the idea of a special path see Hagen Schulze, Staat und Nation in der europäischen Geschichte (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1994), pp. 108–125.
3. See, for example, Ernst Cassirer, “Holderlin und der deutsche Idealismus,” in Alfred Kelletat, ed., Hölderlin: Beiträge zu zeinem Verständnis in unserm Jahrhundert (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1961), pp. 79–118.
4. For his relationship to religion, see Wolfgang Schadewelt, “Hölderlins Weg zu den Göttern,” in Kelletat, ed., Hölderlin , pp. 333–341; Mark Ogden, The Problem of Christ in the Work of Friedrich Hölderlin (London: Modern Humanities Research Association. Institute of German Studies, University of London, 1991); and Max Kommerell, Der Dichter als Führer in der deutschen Klassik: Klopstock, Herder, Goethe, Schiller, Jean Paul, Holderlin (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1982).
5. Heidegger—and others—were attracted to Hölderlin’s approach to “Das Volk.” See Kommerell, Dichter als Führer , pp. 461ff.
6. For a detailed, moving account of the events leading up to the joint suicides, see Joachim Maass, Kleist: A Biography , trans. Ralph Manheim (London: Secker & Warburg, 1983), pp. 262–282. See also Lukács, German Realists , p. 17.
7. Gerhard Schutz, Kleist: Eine Biographie (Munich: C. H. Beck, 2007), pp. 391–395. Heinrich von Kleist, Five Plays , trans. with an introduction by Martin Greenberg (New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1988).
8. For Grillparzer’s politics, see Bruce Thompson, “Grillparzer’s Political Villains,” in Robert Pichl, et al., eds., Grillparzer und die europäische Tradition (Vienna: Hora, 1987), pp. 101–112.
9. Raoul